تاثير تاريخ و روش كاشت بر عملكرد بلال، كارايي مصرف آب و برخي صفات فيزيولوژيك ذرت شيرين در ياسوج

Effect of Planting Date and Sowing Methods on Ear Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Some Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Corn

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻼل، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼـﺮف آب و ﺑﺮﺧـ ﯽ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﻓ ﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾـ ﮏ ذرت ﺷـ ﯿﺮﯾﻦ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـ ﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﯾﺎﺳﻮج در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﺟﺮا ﺷـﺪ . ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ اﺻـﻠ ﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ )15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه، 30 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه، 15 ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه، 30 ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه و 15 ﺗﯿﺮﻣـﺎه ( و ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻓﺮﻋـ ﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﺘﺪاول، ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺎ 15 روزه )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﺑﺮﮔـ ﯽ( و ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ ﻧﺸـﺎ 20 روزه )ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﺑﺮﮔﯽ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﮐﻨﺶ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ و روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻼل و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺎي 15 روزه در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه، داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻼل )16000 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﻧﺸﺎي 20 روزه در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷـﺖ 15 ﺗﯿﺮﻣـﺎه، داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻼل )8000 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﻣﻌﺎدل2/93 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه و ﻧﺸﺎي ﺳﻪﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﺑﺮﮔﯽ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه، 66 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﺗـﺎر ﯾﺦ و روش ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ؛ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮري ﮐـﻪ ﺑ ﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﯾﻦ درﺻـﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ )8/7( در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 ﺗﯿﺮﻣﺎه و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن )8/0( در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و درﺻﺪ ﭘـﺮوﺗﺌ ﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ ي ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬري ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻨﺶ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎي 30 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ 30 ﺧﺮدادﻣﺎه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻨﺪ داﻧﻪ را ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻞ ﻗﻨﺪ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺬر ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر اﯾـ ﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ 15 اردﯾﺒﻬﺸﺖﻣﺎه و ﻧﺸﺎي ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﺑﻮد.

In order to investigate the effect of planting date and sowing method on ear yield, water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of sweet corn, an experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Yasouj, south-west of Iran. Planting date consisted of five levels (4 May, 19 May, 4 June, 19 June, 5 July) and considered as the main plots and three levels of planting methods (seed cultivation, transplanting cultivation [15-days after planting (3-leaf stage)] and [20-days after planting (4-leaf stage)] were assigned to the sub-plots. Planting date and sowing method interaction effects were significant on ear yield and water use efficiency. Transplanting at 3-leaf stage on the 4th of May had the maximum ear yield (16000 kg ha-1) and at 4-leaf stage on the 5th of July had the minimum ear yield (8000 kg ha-1). The highest water use efficiency (2.93 kg m-3) was obtained by transplanting on the 4th of May and 3-leaf stage, which was 66% higher than the water use efficiency of those transplanted on the 5th of July and at 4-leaf stage. The effects of planting date and sowing method were significant on grain protein content. With a delayed planting, the grain protein content was increased so that the maximum of grain protein content (8.7%) was obtained in the 5th of July and the lowest (8%) in the 4th of May transplanting. The grain protein concentration of the transplanting treatments was less than the grain protein of the seed cultivation treatment. The high temperature stress experienced by sowing at the 19th of May until the 19th of June decreased the grain sugar content. Transplanting cultivation led to increase in the amount of total sugar compared to seed cultivation. The best treatment in this study was found to be transplanting at 3-leaf stage on the 4th of May.