بهينه سازي شرايط كشت درون شيشه اي گياه نسرين (آماريليس) (Hippeastrum × johnsonii)

Comparison of Foliar and Soil Fe Fertilization on Medicago scutellata Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics and Active Iron in Soils Containing Different Amounts of Lime

ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﺴﺮﯾﻦ آﻣﺎرﯾﻠﯿﺲ( ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﯿﺎزي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد روشﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ راﻫﮑﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه زﯾﻨﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻧﻮع و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﺳﯿﺘﻮﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺎززاﯾﯽ رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎه آﻣﺎرﯾﻠﯿﺲ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃـﺮح ﮐـﺎﻣﻼ ً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻠﺲ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﻓﻠﺲ ﺗﮑﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻓﻠـﺲ ﺗﮑـ ﯽ ﺑﺪون ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ MS ﺣﺎوي ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻞ آدﻧﯿﻦ و ﯾـ ﺎ ﺗﯿـ ﺪﯾﺎزورون ﺻـﻔﺮ، 0/5، 1 و 2 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ 0/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ NAA، 30 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز و ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ آﮔـﺎر ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎ ﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺲ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﮑﺜﯿـ ﺮ ﮔﯿـ ﺎه آﻣـﺎر ﯾﻠﯿﺲ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ درونﺷﯿﺸﻪاي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﭘﯿﺎزﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻮرﺗﺮي را ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ در رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺲ ﺗﮑﯽ ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﯿﺎزﭼﻪاي ﺑـﺎززا ﯾﯽ ﻧﺸﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن، رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﻬﻮهايرﻧﮓ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ ﺳﯿﺘﻮﮐﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﯿﺎزﭼـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ﺑـﺎززا ﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ وﻟﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺣﺎوي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ BA، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﯿﺎزﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺣـﺎو ي ﺗﻨﻈـ ﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨـﺪه رﺷـﺪ TDZ ﺑﺎززاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ، ﭘﯿﺎزﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﻗﻄﻮرﺗﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎ اﯾﺠـﺎد ﮐـﺮ د. ﺑـﺎ در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻗﻄﺮ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﯿﺎزﭼﻪ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺲ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ MS ﺣﺎوي 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨـﺪه رﺷﺪ BA در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 0/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ NAA ﺑﺮاي ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ درونﺷﯿﺸﻪاي ﮔﯿﺎه آﻣﺎرﯾﻠﯿﺲ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Reducing iron solubility in calcareous soils causes iron chlorosis symptoms in the plant. In order to investigate the response of M. scutellata to direct and indirect iron deficiency, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included three levels of lime (0, 4 and 8%) and five levels of Fe (0, 5 and 10 mg Fe Kg soil-1 as soil application and 0 and 2.1 μM Fe as foliar spray). Zero Fe concentrations in soil and foliar Fe fertilization was considered as control-S and control-F treatment, respectively. The results showed that the amendment of 8% CaCO3 in control treatments caused typical Fe deficiency symptoms, including decreases in chlorophyll, total and extractable leaf Fe concentration, protein, leaf relative water content, membrane stability index and increases in leaf total phenolic and flavonoid concentration when compared to 0% lime. The soil and foliar Fe fertilisation led to the improvement of Fe chlorosis, increases in chlorophyll, Fe, protein, and decreases in concentration of phenolic compounds in three levels of lime. The foliar Fe fertilization in three levels of lime increased total and extractable leaf Fe content, compared to two soil Fe treatments, but foliar Fe fertilization (in 4 and 8% of lime) yielded progressively lower leaf phenolic compounds. The highest leaf chl concentration in 8% lime was observed in 10 mg Fe Kg soil-1 and foliar Fe fertilization. The presented data indicate that the use of foliar application of Fe (Fe- EDDHA) is potent to reduce the effects of lime induced chlorosis in plants in calcareous soils.