بررسي ويژگي هاي فيزيكوشيميايي و رنگ ميوه برخي از نژادگان هاي توت سفيد (Morus alba) در استان آذربايجان غربي

Investigation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Fruit Color of Some White Mulberry (Morus alba) Genotypes in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran

ﺗﻮت ﺳﻔﯿﺪ درﺧﺘﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﯽ Morus alba از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Moraceae اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و رﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﻮه ﺗﻮت ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﻮهﻫﺎي 20 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺗـﻮت ﺳـﻔ ﯿﺪ از ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﯽ )اروﻣﯿﻪ، ﺧﻮي، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب، ﻣﻬﺎﺑﺎد و اﺷﻨﻮﯾﻪ( ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ وزن ﻣﯿﻮه، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﻣﯿﻮه و ﺑﺮگ، ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﻮه، ﺣﺠﻢ و pH ﻣﯿﻮه اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار درﺻﺪ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺻـﻔﺎت Hue و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ *a )ﻗﺮﻣﺰي( رﻧﮓ ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﻮع اﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﮋادﮔﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻧﮋادﮔﺎن Kh3 )4/24 ﮔﺮم( و O3 )0/71ﮔﺮم( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺖ ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﺎ ﻋـﺮض، ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ، ﺣﺠـﻢ و وزن ﻣ ﯿـ ﻮه ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﺜﺒﺖ داﺷﺖ. ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ، ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ 83/86 درﺻﺪ از وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﮐـﻞ را ﺗﻮﺟ ﯿـ ﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧـﺪ. در ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺑﻪ روش وارد، ﻧﮋادﮔﺎنﻫﺎي ﺗﻮت ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮوه اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯿﻮه ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺗﻮت ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣـ ﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي اﺻـﻼﺣ ﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ و روشﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯿﻮه ﺗﻮت ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

White mulberry (Morus alba) belongs to the Moraceae family. The aim of this study is to evaluate some important physicochemical characteristics and fruit color of white mulberry grown in West Azarbaijan province of Iran. White mulberry fruits collected from five regions (Urmia, KHoy, Mahabad, Miyandoab and Oshnaviyeh) in West Azarbaijan province, were transferred to the laboratory and some properties such as fruit weight, fruit and leaf length and width, fruit color parameters, fruit volume and pH were measured. The results showed that the highest percentage of variation was observed in Hue and a* traits, hence these traits had the highest diversity among the studied genotypes. The maximum and minimum fruit weight was observed in genotypes kh3 (4.24 g) and O3 (0.71 g), respectively. The fruit length had significant positive correlation with fruit thickness, volume and weight. The five main factors explained 83.86 % of the total variance. Based on the cluster analysis, genotypes were divided into five main groups. In general, the results showed that physical properties of the fruit could be helpful for evaluation and identification of variation in white mulberry germplasm. These results could be valuable and practical in breeding programs and also designing appropriate models and packaging methods for white mulberry fruits.