شناسايي ابعاد تاب آوري و تاثير آن بر پايداري شهري (مطالعه موردي: شهر رشت)

Identifying Resilience Dimensions and its Impact on Urban Sustainability of Rasht City

ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در آﯾﻨﺪه، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮدم ﺟﻬﺎن را در ﺧﻮد ﺟﺎي ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﯾـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺗﺮﮐﺮدن و ﺗﺎبآورﮐﺮدن اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎبآوري ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗـﺎزﮔﯽ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟّﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰان و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬـﺎن ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ . اﯾـﻦ اﻣـﺮ در واﮐـﻨﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﻮادث ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺑﺤﺮانﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ - ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﯽ، ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﮥ ﻣ ﻔﻬـﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻠﯿـﺪي ﺟﺎﯾﮕـﺎه وﯾﮋه اي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﻌـﺎد ﺗـﺎب آوري ﺷـﻬﺮي و ارﺗﺒـﺎط آن ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺷﻬﺮي، در ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ. روش ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ، ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي و ﺷﯿﻮة ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ )زﻣﯿﻨﻪﯾـﺎب( ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﻧﻤ ﻮﻧـﮥ آﻣـﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 35 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﻪ روش دﻟﻔـﯽ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب و در ﺳـﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ درﺑﺎرة ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ اﺟﻤﺎع رﺳﯿﺪهاﻧﺪ. دادهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫـﺎي اسس.ﭘـﯽ .اسس.اسس. و ﻟﯿﺰرل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ رواﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎ از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ي ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﮥ اول و ﺑـﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن از آزﻣﻮن آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺪل اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿـﺮي ﺿـﺮاﯾﺐ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺷﺪه، ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪة ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿّﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﻨﻮن و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻇﺮ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪي )ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري( ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎبآوري اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )0 /87= Beta؛ 8/19 = T(، ﺗﺎبآوري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي )0/84 = Beta؛ 5/62 = T(، ﺗﺎبآوري زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ - ﮐﺎﻟﺒـﺪي )0/85 = Beta؛ 9/78 = T( و ﺗﺎبآوري ﻧﻬﺎدي )0/85 = Beta؛ 8/17 = T( ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﺷـﻬﺮي ﻣﺆﺛّﺮﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎبآوري ﺷﻬﺮي را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﺷﺎﻟﻮدة ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاري ﺷـﻬﺮي ﻣﻄﺮح ﮐﺮد و ﺗﻮﺟّﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﺗﺎبآوري ﺷﻬﺮي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ در دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ آﯾﻨﺪة ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ.

Cities will have accommodated most of the people around the world in the future. Therefore, the focus of managers should be on making these places more sustainable and resilient. Urban resilience is a concept that has recently been considered by urban planners and managers around the world. This has been a key concept in response to natural disasters and socio-political crises. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of urban resilience and their relationship with urban sustainability in Rasht. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Besides, it is a kind of applied research in which data has been gathered by the methods like the documentation and surveying. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 35 experts familiar with the subject of the research who were selected by Delphi method and reached consensus on the research questions in three stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. To determine the validity of the items, a first-order confirmatory factor analysis model was used and Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess its reliability. Model results and standardized coefficient measurements indicate the correlation between the present variables and the corresponding indices. The findings from confirmatory path analysis (structural model) show that social resilience (Beta = 0.87 T 0.87), economic resilience (T = 5.62 eta Beta 0.84), resilience Environmental-physical (T = 9.78 eta Beta = 0.85) and institutional resiliency (T = 8.17 eta Beta = 0.85) affect urban sustainability. Therefore, it is concluded that urban resilience can be considered as the foundation of urban sustainability and paying attention to the benefits of urban resilience in strengthening sustainable urban systems is a vital factor in achieving a desirable urban future.