اﺛﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ راه رﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ رﯾﺘﻤﯿﮏ دﯾﺪاري ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻀﻼت ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان

Effect of a Walking Training Period with Rhythmic Visual Stimulation on Co-Contraction selec‎t Muscles in Older Adult

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: راهرﻓﺘﻦ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ و ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺎده و ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل دارد، ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺛﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ راهرﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮑﺎت رﯾﺘﻤﯿﮏ دﯾﺪاري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻀﻼت اﻧﺪام ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ و ﻋﻀﻼت ﺣﯿﻦ راهرﻓﺘﻦ را ﺣﺬف ﮐﺮده و ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎري ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: 30 ﻣﺮد ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ )60 ﺗﺎ 75 ﺳﺎل( ﺑﻄﻮر داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻫﻤﮕﻦﺳﺎزي، ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ 2 ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )ﺑﺪون ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ، راه رﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺪون ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ( و 1 ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ )راهرﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﻣﻮزون دﯾﺪاري( ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ، ﻋﻀﻼت: ﺳﺎﻗﯽ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ، ﻧﻌﻠﯽ، ﭘﻬﻦ داﺧﻠﯽ، ﭘﻬﻦ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و دوﺳﺮراﻧﯽ ﻃﯽ 90 ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ راهرﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺎدي در ﭘﯿﺶ و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 6 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ، 3 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ درﻫﻔﺘﻪ و ﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 20 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪل آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ و ﺑﻮتاﺳﺘﺮپ ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري 0/05 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 6 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ راهرﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮑﺎت رﯾﺘﻤﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻀﻼت ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد (0/05>P). ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ راهرﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮑﺎت رﯾﺘﻤﯿﮏ دﯾﺪاري ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢاﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﻋﻀﻼت ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي اوﻟﯿﻪ اﺛﺮي ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭼﺸﻢﮔﯿﺮ در اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ (ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﻮل دوره و ﭼﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد و زﻣﺎن ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ) ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ.

Background & Purpose: Walking in aging is affected by neuromuscular and cognitive degradation processes. Increase attention to the organs during Simple and automated activities result increase co-contraction level as a compensatory mechanism. So the purpose of this research effect of a walking training period with rhythmic visual stimulation as an external attention on co-contraction of lower limb muscle in older adults, while walking to eliminate the attention of the muscles and joints and the co-contraction anomalies can improve. Methodology: 30 healthy older adult men (60 to 75 years) voluntary participated in this research, and after Homogenization were randomly assigned to two control (no practice, walking without stimulation) and one experimental (walking with rhythmic visual stimulation) groups. The pattern of muscle activity including: soleus, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis vastus lateralis and biceps femoris while 90s normal walking was investigated from pre to post-test for evaluation of muscle co-contraction. This training was performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each 20 minutes. Data analysis was performed by ANCOVA and Non-parametric Bootstrap models at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed walking with visual interventions on muscle co-contraction after 6 weeks of program are not statistically significant (P ≤ 0/05). Conclusions: These results suggest that walking with visual rhythmic stimulation does not affect on co-contraction of selected muscles in early elderly age, it seems that, longer training periods (both in terms of duration and of the number and timing of training sessions) are need for saw significant changes in complex muscle patterns.