ارتباط كمال گرايي مثبت و منفي با تحليل رفتگي در ورزشكاران هنرهاي رزمي

The Relationship of Positive and Negative Perfectionism with Burnout in Martial Arts Athletes

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دﺧﯿﻞ در اٌﻓﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي آن ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي رزﻣﯽ را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ-ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ، 107 رزﻣﯽﮐﺎر )58 ﻣﺮد و 49 زن، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻦ 24 ﺳﺎل(، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎر را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و دادهﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﻣﺪل رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه در ﺳﻄﺢ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن 95 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ. اﺑﻌﺎد و ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 11/4 ،16/4 ،27/6 و23/5 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺣﺴﺎس ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ، واﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ/ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، ﻧﺎارزﻧﺪهﺳﺎزي و ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ را ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ، اﺛﺮات ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪه و اﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪهاي ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞرﻓﺘﮕﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي رزﻣﯽ دارﻧﺪ.

Background & Purpose: Burnout is considered as a detrimental factor in athletes’ performance and psychological health in which its formation, several psychological traits may play a role. To identify formation mechanisms of burnout, the present research studied the relationship of positive and negative perfectionism with burnout in martial arts athletes. Methodology: In this cross-sectional-correlational study, 107 athletes (58 males and 49 females, mean of age 24 years) completed the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression model at 95 percent confidence level. Results: Participants reported high and moderate levels of positive and negative perfectionism, respectively, and moderate to low level of burnout. The dimensions and total level of burnout were related negatively to positive perfectionism and positively to negative perfectionism. Positive and negative perfectionism explained 27.6%, 16.4%, 11.4%, and 23.5% of variance in reduced sense of accomplishment, emotional and physical exhaustion, devaluation, and total level of burnout, respectively. Conclusion: With similar predictive abilities but in different directions, positive and negative perfectionism have decreasing and enhancing effects on athletes’ burnout in martial arts.