ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ و رواﺑﻂ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞدﻫﻨﺪة ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ

Identifying Constituent Elements and Relationships of Sport Federations System in Iran by a Systematic Approach

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞدﻫﻨﺪة ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞدﻫﻨﺪه، روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮي و ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن آﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞدﻫﻨﺪة ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮن ورزﺷﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دروﻧﺪادﻫﺎ (ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، اﻣﺎﮐﻦ و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻼت ورزﺷﯽ، ﻧﯿﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و رﻫﺒﺮي) ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ (ﺗﺪارك و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن، ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و رﺳﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت و اردوﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ورزﺷﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﭘﺮورش اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﻫﺎ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ(، ﺑﺮوﻧﺪادﻫﺎ (رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ ورزش، ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ و ﻣﺪالآوري) و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ( ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮥ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮد. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ،ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از روش آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮيDEMATEL ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي دوازده ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ورزﺷﯽ راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت و اردوﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺪت (ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي) را داﺷﺖ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻔﻮذﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﻗﻮي و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﭘﺮورش اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﻫﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻗﻮي اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ورزﺷﯽ در درك ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ ﻓﺪراﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ و رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ.

The aim of this study was to identify the constituent elements of the Iran sport federations system and to examine their relationships. Systematic approach was considered for systematic examination of the constituent elements. By reviewing the theoretical literature and interviews with knowledgeable elites, the constituent elements of sport federations system including inputs (financial resources, sport facilities, human forces and leadership and management), processes (preparation and development of coaches, promotion and media, national and international competitions and camps, scientific and research development, sport participation, talent identification, elite athletes development and support), outputs (growth and generalization of sport, success and medaling), and outcome (development) were identified. The assessment of the relationship between each of these variables can be considered as a decision-making. Therefore, DEMATEL test could be used to extract causal relationships of variables. In this paper, 12 sport management experts examined the relationship of these variables. The results showed that national and international competitions was the most influential element and developing elite athletes was the most affected element. In addition, element of developing elite athletes had maximum intensity (total of affecting and affected). The element of scientific and research development was a strong penetrator and talent identification was a strong penetrated element. Finally, this study can help sport managers to systematically understand sport federations and their causal relationships.