پديد آورندگان :
بختياري، محمدرضا بخش تحقيقات فني و مهندسي كشاورزي، مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان همدان , اسديان، قاسم بخش تحقيقات فني و مهندسي كشاورزي، مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان همدان
كليدواژه :
درصد خلوص , ماشين بوجاري , تلفات , بذر گندم
چكيده فارسي :
عمليات بوجاري از جمله فرآيندهاي مهم براي افزايش درجه خلوص دانه‌هاست. تميز كردن، اساسي‌ترين كار در يك ماشين بوجاري مي‌باشد، كه در آن ناخالصي‌ها از دانه‌هاي سالم جدا مي‌شوند. در اين پژوهش سه نوع سيستم بوجاري مختلف مورد بررسي قرار گرفت تا عملكرد آن‌ها بر روي بازده تميزسازي بذر گندم آبي مورد مطالعه قرار گيرد. سيستم‌هاي بوجاري مورد نظر عبارت بودند از: 1- ماشين بوجاري به همراه ماشين پيش بوجاري آر ماشين (R-Machine) مدل ARS5000 ساخت ايران، 2- ماشين بوجاري به همراه ماشين پيش بوجاري رام صنعت (Ram-Sanat) مدل RAM200 ساخت ايران 3-ماشين بوجاري به همراه ماشين پيش بوجاري گلدسات (Gold-Saat) مدل GS100S ساخت آلمان. در اين پژوهش اثر سيستم‌هاي مختلف بوجاري بر فاكتورهاي مهمي از قبيل: توانايي هر سيستم در ميزان تميزسازي بذر گندم و درصد تلفات دانه سالم در تمامي خروجي‌هاي مختلف هر سيستم (شامل ماشين‌هاي پيش بوجاري و بوجاري)، بررسي شد. به منظور تحليل نتايج از طرح پايه كاملاً تصادفي استفاده شده و ميانگين‌ها با آزمون دانكن مقايسه شدند. نتايج تحليل آماري داده‌ها نشان داد كه بين ميانگين‌هاي درصد خلوص نهايي (بازده) هر يك از سيستم‌هاي بوجاري اختلاف معني‌داري مشاهده نگرديد و درصد خلوص نهايي همه آن‌ها بيش‌تر از 98 درصد بود. نتايج نشان داد كه ميزان تلفات از خروجي استوانه مشبّك ماشين پيش بوجاري صفر بود ولي ميزان تلفات گندم سالم براي ساير خروجي‌هاي هر سيستم (ماشين پيش بوجاري و ماشين بوجاري) در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معني‌دار بود. به علاوه كمترين ميزان تلفات گندم به سيستم بوجاري رام صنعت تعلق داشت.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction The cleaning operation is an important process to increase the seeds’ purity degree. Cleaning is the most fundamental task in a cleaning machine, which separates the impurities of the healthy seeds. In a research that was conducted by Chenari et al. (2013), The efficiency of three types of wheat cleaning machines, R-Machine, Cimbria, and Gold-Saat, was investigated. The results of the statistical analysis showed the Cimbia machine had the greatest cleaning efficiency (86.72%). The R-Machine and Gold-Saat had 80.64% and 81.59% total efficiency, respectively. In this study, the effects of three different cleaning machines were evaluated on the seed losses percentage and seed cleaning percentage of all outputs in various pre-cleaning and cleaning machines for cleaning wheat seeds.
Materials and Methods In this study, three types of various cleaning systems were investigated to study their performances on wheat cleaning rate in Hamedan Province. Generally, a cleaning system is constructed of 5 parts: (1) pre-cleaning machine, (2) cleaning machine, (3) Trieurs, (4) weighting system, (5). packaging system. In this study, the term cleaning system refers to only the first and the second part of the cleaning system. The cleaning systems in the study were (Table 1): (1) R-Machine with pre-cleaning machine model ARS2000, made in Iran, (2) Ram-Sanat with pre-cleaning machine model RAM200, made in Iran, and (3) Gold-Saat with pre-cleaning machine model GS100S, made in Germany. Table 1 shows the characteristics of three different cleaning systems, containing cleaning and pre-cleaning machines. Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the inputs and outputs of the wheat cleaning system (containing pre-cleaning and cleaning machines with Trieurs). Some factors were considered and determined as the following: (1) theoretical and practical capacity in ton/ha: based on the factory’s manual, the theoretical capacity for pre-cleaning machine and cleaning machine were 20 and 5 tons/ha, respectively; whereas, the practical capacity was calculated 2.2 tons/ha for total system (pre-cleaning machine and cleaning machine); (2) purity percentage of wheat input: this factor was determined for the pre-cleaning machine as follows:
purity percentage of healthy seeds input = (weight of healthy seeds / total weight) × 100;
(3) loss percentage of all outputs in the pre-cleaning machine, loss percentage of all outputs in the cleaning machine, and the total loss percentage of the system, as below:
Loss percentage of each of output on the cleaning system = (weight of lost seeds / total weight) × 100.
A completely randomized design was used in the research and Duncan’s test was used to compare the means results.
