مسيريابي بهينه آزادراه پل زال-خرم آباد با استفاده ازسنجش از دور و GIS و ملاحظات زيست محيطي

Optimum route selection for Pole Zal - Khorram Abad highway using GIS and environmental consideration

آزادراهﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ در ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. آزادراه ﭘﻞ زال-ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﺮاوان، ﻣﺨﻄﺮات زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻋﺪﯾﺪهاي را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻣﯿﻦ-ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻫﺸﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﯿﺐ، ﭼﯿﻨﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﮔﺴﻞ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ، زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻪ روش ﻓﺎزي و AHP اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه، ﭼﯿﻨﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ وزن 0/147 ،0/165 ،0/166و 0/123 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ دارﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، اﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وزن ﻧﺴﺒﯽ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ 15 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ آزادراهﻫﺎي اﺣﺪاث ﺷﺪه و ﯾﺎ در ﺣﺎل اﺣﺪاث ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﮑﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد.

Road construction leads to damage to the environment so that it is a pivotal problem for protecting fauna and flora species in each region. In spite of abundant benefits, Pole Zal - Khorram Abad highway from southwestern Iran had various geohazards and environmental impacts on this area such as landslides, land use change, and decreasing the population of fauna and flora species. For the reason, a newly optimum route selection for the highway is considered. This act is a complicated process due to the uncertainty of various factors which affect it. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique that can integrate particular preferences in performing spatial analyses on the physical and nonphysical parameters. Since criteria considered in highway route selection are geospatially nature, a geographic information system (GIS) analysis can be helped data input analyses in solving the problem. During the last decade, a few attempts have been accomplished to automate the route-planning process using GIS technology. For instance, Subramani and Pari (2015) were aligned the highway from Erode to Karur (southern India) using geological factors, land uses, ground costs, and soil types in a GIS environment. The aim of this study was to find the optimum route based on environmental considerations. For this purpose, eight effective factors were selected. Then, the AHP and fuzzy systems were applied to standardize each effective parameters as engineering geological, environmental and economic viewpoint. The suggested route was selected by the combination of the factors based on the relative weight in GIS. The selected route has less geological hazards and negative environmental impacts. 2- Research methods The initial stage of a sitting of route selection is the gathering of accessible information and data associated with the study area. For selecting the optimum route of Pole Zal - Khorram Abad, eight parameters considered that are the altitude, slope angle, stratigraphy, proximity to drainage network, proximity to faults, land uses, vegetation covers, as well as protected areas, were prepared. These layers were obtained from topographical maps, geological maps, satellite images, and fieldwork study. Subsequently, the layers were drowning using Arc GIS 10.3 software. The layers of slope and altitude were derived directly in the raster format from the produced digital elevation model (DEM). Also, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy systems were applied to standardize each effective factor.