ارزيابي اثرات سرمايه اجتماعي بر حكمروايي در مناطق روستايي (مطالعه موردي: مناطق روستايي شهرستان زنجان)

Assessing the Impact of Social Capital on Governance in Rural Areas Case Study: Rural Areas of Zanjan Township

امروزه حكمروايي به عنوان پيش‌شرطي براي توسعه پايدار و الگويي جهت مديريت روستايي معرفي مي‌شود. با اين حال حكمروايي در جهان امروز با مشكلات زيادي روبه‌روست كه چاره رهايي از اين بحران ورود و تزريق سرمايه‌اي از جنس خود مردم با نام سرمايه اجتماعي است كه بر حكمروايي در مناطق روستايي تاثير گذاشته و در توانمندي مديريت محلي اثرگذار مي‌باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزيابي اثرات سرمايه اجتماعي بر حكمروايي در مناطق روستايي شهرستان زنجان مي‌باشد. نوع تحقيق كاربردي، روش مورد استفاده توصيفي-تحليلي و براي گردآوري داده‌ها از روش‌هاي اسنادي و ميداني بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه آماري اين تحقيق طبق فرمول كوكران، 319 نفر از خانوارهاي ساكن در مناطق روستايي شهرستان زنجان مي‌باشند. جهت تجزيه و تحليل اطلاعات از آماراستنباطي tتك نمونه‌اي، همبستگي پيرسون، رگرسيون چندمتغيره و تحليل مسير مي‌باشد. نتايج حاصل از آزمون t از ديدگاه خانوارها در رابطه با حكمروايي نشان داد كه شاخص‌ مشروعيت با ميانگين 3/42 بالاتر از مطلوبيت عددي (3) و شفافيت با ميانگين 2/75 كمترين ميانگين را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند و در ميان شاخص‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي نيز همه شاخص‌ها بالاتر از مطلوبيت عددي (3) قرار دارند. بين شاخص‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي و حكمروايي رابطه معناداري (0/509) وجود دارد. از بين شاخص‌هاي سرمايه اجتماعي اعتماد با 0/366 داراي بيشترين تاثير بر حكمروايي و انسجام با 0/200 داراي كمترين تاثير است.

Introduction Today's societies are confronted with widespread and complex problems that hierarchical methods are no longer able to solve social problems, and networks provide a solution to problems but are not fully capable of solving problems and need the collective action of the cast is different. Thus, since 1990, the role of the local government has been addressed in response to the need for decentralization of power and the emerging issues of local democracy. In the new millennium, strong local management has levers in providing public services for local development. Non-existence The concentration and assignment of financial, political and executive responsibilities from centralized governments to localities throughout Asia has also accelerated more than in the past several decades. Proponents of decentralization argue that decentralization, accountability, and effectiveness of local governance and, consequently, governance improves and allows citizens to engage with local authorities in local affairs, thus increasing local participation and increasing social justice. Thus, it can be said that governance has emerged as a substitute for traditional methods of governance and governance, and as a structure or political organization and non-governmental organizations that have emerged to address policy issues and as a precondition for sustainable development an‎d a model for rural management that can strengthen democratic civil participation in public services, especially in rural and social development. Today, our country's villages are faced with a lot of problems and problems that can be attributed to the planning and management of villages in the past and today, which is associated with many controversies and relies on tests and errors. The vacuum of efficient and principled management in villages in all these periods, especially from the 1340s to this and the centralized centralized system, has never been able to achieve a development that is consistent with the advantages and disadvantages of the regions and the imbalance in the regional development of the country has been its consequence. Many problems have also arisen for the villagers. The formation of Islamic councils of the city and village has also provided a good place for the realization of the rule. However, the rule in today's world is facing a lot of problems, which is a way out of the crisis of the introduction and injection of capital from the people themselves, called social capital, which affects the rule of the rural areas and influences the ability of local management. Social capital is the ability to form and maintain relationships in order to facilitate achievement of goals through the development of communication and cooperation as the central point of investment in local development. If social capital is properly used by private and public organizations, it may be a means of maintaining and accountable the government. Therefore, social capital is important, and it is a force that helps connect a society that shares common interests. This type of capital is produced both by society and by the state. The capacity of communities to benefit from it is dependent on the government's ability to enforce the rule of law, respect for civil liberties and political rights, and, in other words, the rule of law. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of social capital on governance in rural areas of Zanjan. Methodology The type of research is applied, the descriptive-analytical method is used and documentary and field methods are used to collect data. The realm of this research is Zanjan city, which consists of 248 villages inhabited with 10% of the villages (25 villages) were selected according to natural and demographic characteristics. The statistical population of this research is 25588 households living in rural areas of Zanjan city. 382 households were selected according to Cochran formula. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, multivariate regression and path analysis were used. Results and Discussion The results of data analysis based on one-sample t-test showed that the highest average was the component of legitimacy with an average of 3/42 Other components of the rural households' viewpoint have a lower average of numerical desirability, while the transparency component gained the lowest average of 2/75 One-sample t analysis from the views of typical households in relation to social capital components indicates that all components are above the average, while the integrity component has the highest mean of 3/45 and the component of participation is the lowest of 3/34 The average has been earned among other components of social capital. The results of path analysis also showed that with respect to the total effects, confidence with the highest score of 0/366 has the most effect on governance and coherence with the rate of 0/200 has the least effect. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the correlation between social capital and governance dimensions. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient of social and governing capital 0/509**) is indicative of correlation between variables. The result of the research showed that social capital affects governance and will also improve with the rise of social capital.