اثر تيمار نانو نقره بر ميزان عناصر موجود در بنه زعفران تحت شرايط شوري

The effect of nano silver on elements of saffron corms under salinity coundition

زﻋﻔﺮان .Crocus sativus L ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ از ﺗﯿﺮه زﻧﺒﻘﯿﺎن ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻼﻟﻪ و ﺑﻨﻪ آن ﺑﺨﺼﻮص از ﻧﻈﺮ داروﯾﯽ و ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر زﯾﺎدي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات ﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ و ﺿﺪ ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ و ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي اﺗﯿﻠﻦ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد. در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮارض ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺮه ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺮه )40 ppm(، ﺷﻮري )NaCl 100 mM( ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺮه )40 ppm( ﺗﻮام ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري )NaCl 100 mM( ، ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ازﮐﺸﺖ( ﺑﺎ دو روش آﺑﯿﺎري و ﻏﻮﻃﻪور ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در ﺑﻨﻪ زﻋﻔﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﯾﻮن ﻓﺴﻔﺮ در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل)ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ازﮐﺸﺖ( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ )0.05≤P ( ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﯾﻮن ﺳﺪﯾﻢ در روش آﺑﯿﺎري و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در روش ﻏﻮﻃﻪور در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ) mg/gDW)(0/77 mg/gDW 9/96( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻣﺎ در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺮه )mg/gDW)(0/67 mg/gDW 7/61( در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )mg/gDW)(0/73 mg/gDW 8/08( ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري در ﺳﻄﺢ )0.05≤P ( ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺮه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ همراه بوده است.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is amember of Iridaceae family, that especially its stigma and corm are important in medicine and food. Today, silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial and fungal properties are used in many fields and also effects on ethylene receptors in plants. In Iran, due to increase saline soils, study on reducing the effects of salinity stress by using nanosilver in plants can be a good perspective to control the effects of salinity stress on plants. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out using four treatments: nano silver (40 ppm), salinity (100 mM NaCl), nano silver (40 ppm) whit salinity (100 mM NaCl), control without any treatment and primary corm, with two irrigations and soaking methods were used. The amount of phosphorous, sodium and potassium ions of treated corms were investigated. Results showed that phosphorous ion in compared with control and primary corm increased in all stresses, which was significant at level (P≤0.05).The concentration of sodium in irrigations methods and potassium in soaking methods increased in salt stress (0.77 mg / gDW)(9.9 mg / gDW), but using salinity stress with nano silver (0.67 mg / gDW)(7.61 mg / gDW) showed a significant decrease in the levels of two mentioned ions (P≤0.05) compared with control(0.73 mg / gDW)(8.08 mg / gDW). In this study, the use of nanosilver particles with salt stress showed that the effects of salinity have been influenced and increased phosphorous ion and modified amount of sodium and potassium.