پديد آورندگان :
اميركيايي، مهدي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم تحقيقات - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , مفيدي شميراني، مجيد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم تحقيقات - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , مهدوي نژاد، جواد دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - گروه معماري، تهران، ايران , رييس سميعي، محمدمهدي دانشگاه گيلان - دانشكده معماري و هنر - گروه معماري، رشت، ايران
كليدواژه :
واسازي , معماري بومي روستايي گيلان , مصالح بومي , اتصالات , باز استفاده اجزا و مصالح
چكيده فارسي :
روش واسازي از ابتداي فرآيند طراحي، امكان استفاده مجدد از اجزا و مصالح ساختمان را مد نظر قرار مي دهد كه موجب كاهش مصرف منابع جديد، انرژي، كاهش ضايعات و حفظ محيط زيست خواهد شد. بررسي معماري بومي در برخي مناطق، اصول به كار رفته مشابهي در ساختار بناها را با اصل واسازي نشان مي‌دهد. نوعي از اين معماري بومي، در شمال ايران و در استان گيلان وجود دارد. معماري بومي روستايي گيلان داراي ويژگي‌هاي منحصر به فردي به لحاظ ساختاري و فرمي مي‌باشد كه بنا و اجزاي آن به دليل تكنيك اجرا و نوع اتصالات و مصالح مناسب، قابليت واسازي دارند. هدف از اين پژوهش، تعريفي از واسازي، اصول، اهداف، مزايا و بررسي معماري بومي روستايي گيلان و ساختارهاي تشكيل دهنده آن و ميزان انطباق پذيري اين معماري با اصول واسازي است. روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي مي باشد. بر اساس مطالعات كتابخانه اي و اسنادي و جمع آوري اطلاعات ميداني، داده هاي مورد نظر جمع آوري و مورد تحليل قرار گرفته است. پژوهشگران نمونه‌هاي جامعه آماري را مطالعه كرده و براي بدست آوردن نتايج، مورد بررسي قرار داده اند. جامعه آماري، خانه‌هاي بومي روستايي استان گيلان و حجم نمونه، برخي بناهاي منتخب مي‌باشد كه با تكنيك انتخاب هدفمند برگزيده شده‌اند. نتايج حاصل از تحليل ها نشان مي دهد كه معماري بومي روستايي گيلان به دليل تكنيك اجرا، استفاده از اتصالات و مصالح مناسب، قابليت واسازي داشته و با اصول واسازي مطابقت دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Building industry has a great share in environmental pollution and energy consumption. Dismantling as a method for sustainable design and development that spotlights issues such as energy and environment is contemplated by the construction industry and designers. Considering the useful lifespan of a building, its components and materials, and the possibility of installing and dismantling these components in the end, their reuse and recycling result in saving of energy and raw materials; and reduces damage caused to the environment by wastes from building dismantling. The vernacular architecture of some areas provides the possibility to separate its components and materials. Therefore, these architectural practices can be studied to evaluate their compliance and compatibility with the principles of deconstruction. Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has unique properties regarding structures and forms; the building and its components are enabled for dismantling due to the techniques which were implemented, types of joints and materials. The purpose of this research is to define dismantling, its principles, objectives and benefits; and studying Guilan's vernacular rural architecture and its constituent structures and their conformity with dismantling method.
Methodology
Considering its purpose, this study is an applied research, in terms of the nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytic research with a qualitative approach and regarding its implementation, is a survey type. Information needed for this research has been obtained in two ways: documents (referring to scientific and research centers and library documents, resources related to the research topic), and field (using interview and diagnostic view). Meanwhile, information gathering tools were used relying on deductive reasoning and to study the cases part to whole. The statistical population includes rural vernacular villages in Guilan province; that is some of these buildings were selected as study samples and the research findings were obtained by analysing them. In this selective targeting approach, indicators such as method of implementation, consumed materials, and type of joints in buildings are considered. Results and Discussion
Studies have shown that Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has a general structure and can be divided into 11-type different parts of its components from roof to base. In all parts because of a specific technique used, simple connections and appropriate local materials, there has been a possibility of dismantling. Comparing this construction method with dismantling method in the tables of the architectural sections, structures, components, joints, materials, installation and dismantling, it was revealed that this method is in accordance with the principles of dismantling. Analysis shows that this architecture has a flexible and environmentally friendly structure that allows components and materials to be separated and reused.
Conclusion
Architectural structures which can be dismantled have many environmental benefits. A combination of environmentally-friendly local practices and dismantling principles as design and construction patterns is a step towards sustainability goals and sustainable architecture that reduces consumption of energy and raw materials. According to the discussed topics, Guilan's vernacular rural architecture can also be defined and used as a local construction pattern capable of being dismantled based on dismantling principles.
