پديد آورندگان :
شارع پور، محمود دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ايران , تولايي، نوين دانشگاه هنر و معماري مازندران - گروه شهرسازي، بابلسر، ايران , اسلامي، اصلي دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ايران
كليدواژه :
فضاي عمومي شهري , دسترسي و به‌هم‌پيوستگي , آسايش و منظر , كاربري و فعاليت‌ها , اجتماع‌پذيري , جوانان
چكيده فارسي :
نخستين معياري كه شهرها از روي آن مورد قضاوت قرار مي‌گيرند، چگونگي فضاي عمومي آن‌ها است؛ بنابراين ادراك و تصور استفاده‌كنندگان از فضا موردتوجه است. فضاهاي عمومي مهم‌ترين بخش شهرها هستند چراكه بيشترين برخوردها و كنش‌هاي متقابل ميان افراد در آن‌ها به وقوع مي‌پيوندد و شامل تمامي بخش‌هايي هستند كه مردم به آن‌ها دسترسي فيزيكي و بصري دارند. شاخص‌هاي زيادي در سنجش كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري وجود دارد. پروژه فضاهاي عمومي (PPS) سازماني غيرانتفاعي است كه هدفش طراحي و برنامه‌ريزي براي ايجاد و حفظ فضاهاي عمومي و ساخت شهرهايي با ساختار مناسب است. بر اين اساس مي‌توان مكاني را برحسب چهار معيار: اجتماع‌پذيري، دسترسي و به‌هم‌پيوستگي، كاربري و فعاليت‌ها و درنهايت آسايش و منظر ارزيابي نمود. پژوهش حاضر درصدد سنجش مطلوبيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري از ديدگاه جوانان نسبت به فضاهاي عمومي شهري است. روش تحقيق از نوع پيمايشي است. اطلاعات موردنظر با تكنيك پرسشنامه گردآوري شد. روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چندمرحله‌اي است و حجم نمونه تعداد 376 نفر از جوانان در سنين بين 29- 15 سال تعيين شد. تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتايج تحقيق نشان داد جوانان؛ اجتماع‌پذيري، دسترسي و به‌هم‌پيوستگي، كاربري و فعاليت‌ها و آسايش و منظر فضاهاي عمومي در شهر قائم‌شهر را در حد متوسط ارزيابي كردند. بين دختران و پسران در ارزيابي مطلوبيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري تفاوت معناداري وجود داشت و درواقع دختران ديد منفي‌تري به لحاظ مطلوبيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري داشتند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The main feature of a city is its public spaces, and the first criterion for judgment about cities is the quality of their public spaces. Theoretically, the public space is where that people access to it freely. One of needs’ human is making connection with others so this need causes the presentation in space. A space can establish this relation is a favorable one. A good urban space must response to various needs ‘human about his life space in urban. The city is not a separate element but according to lynch, we must see the city from perspective and notions of its residents. Today, urban spaces study with respect to behaviors of their users. The public spaces are sociability ones, where form social relations and it makes possible to experience the presence of others and we know their viewpoints. A recognition that is necessary for survival in human societies. Because of the most interactions are occurring in the public spaces. The public spaces consistent parts that people have physical and visual access to them. Any activity done by humans, are based on culture and the culture result regulations, customs and life styles and current methods, so behavioral patterns determine how people use urban space and how people use space. According to research conducted such as (Zabetian & Rafieian, 2008; Guascha et al, 2015; Garcia Herrera et al, 2013; and Rafieian & Khodaee, 2009) individual differences, economic status, social and cultural path of socialization of individuals and Learning Patterns in the perception of the city is effective. Ali Madanipour believes that physical form and location of the city, in fact constructive and also represents a large part of social and cultural life. Public spaces are the most important part of the city. There are many indicators in measuring the quality of urban public spaces. "Public Spaces Project" (pps) is a non-profit organization who’s its goal is to create and maintain public spaces planning and construction of cities with a suitable structure. Accordingly, we can evaluate four criteria: sociability, the availability and integration, user, activities and finally perspective. This study aims to assess the desirability of urban public spaces from the perspective of youth and factors affecting the assessment of the city's public spaces.
Methodology
The methodology was survey and questionnaire as instrument for data collection was used. Multistage cluster sampling was sampling method. A sample of 376 young people between the ages of 29- 15 years was determined according to the last census in Ghaemshahr. This study's validity was content validity. To analysis information did by SPSS.
Results and discussion
According to information obtained about 53 percent of the respondents were female and 47 percent male, 81 percent were single and 19 percent were married. Also, 33 percent of young people between the ages of 18 to 21 and 16 percent were between the ages of 25 to 29 years. 37 percent of young people with a diploma, and 4% have a Master's degree or higher were it. About 54 percent of respondents lived in Ghaemshahr and about 11 percent habited less than 8 years finally about 42 percent of respondents were the student, 17 percent were employed and about 4 percent were housewives
Cnclusion
The purpose of present paper was to examine the experience and understanding of young people of evaluation of urban public space. The results showed that sociability, the availability and integration, user, activities and finally perspective evaluated moderate level by young people. There were significant differences between respondents to assessment of desirability of space by gender. In fact, female have more negative perspective toward desirability of urban public space. The presence in urban public spaces is inevitable and this area is respondent for daily needs, traffic, and leisure and etc. Residents in city are diverse and they are with various social, economic and cultural backgrounds such as class, age, gender. Therefore, to consider to various needs of people is necessary for urban planning and programming until it create the feeling of belong and participation in urban affairs.
