كليدواژه :
شاخص ذهني , پايداري اجتماعي , روش دلفي فازي , تكنيك تاپسيس فازي , نقاط روستايي بالاي 1000 نفر
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
The issue of sustainability was used for the first time in 1972 as a reaction to devastation of the environment by human beings and then became general. Paying attention to the effect of sustainability in development whether in national policies or international ones in recent decade has been contentiously increasing in such a way that nowadays, sustainability is considered as the main core of policies of governments from the academic research project to organizational strategies. In the process of sustainable development, the role of social sustainability in realizing objectives of rural development is very important. In fact, sustainability of social system means the enhancement of life quality and development of human resources and finally self-efficiency of the system of local communities for coping with challenges and internal issues as well as reacting against internal changes and management of protecting values. That is social aims of sustainable development in themes such as equal (internal and inter-generational) opportunities, empowering, enhancing life quality, magnanimity and human rights, poverty alleviation, cultural diversity, social unity, social participation, institutional capacity building, social security, accountability, social welfare, and sense of belonging to a place have been greatly emphasized. For the present study, two main aims can be explained: assessment of the level of social sustainability of rural settlements of PaeenVelayat Rural District, and providing an appropriate method for rating rural centers using the combination of Fuzzy Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process and similarity to the fuzzy ideal choice in uncertain conditions.
Methodology
The model of social sustainability assessment was designed by creating a tree diagram and the top-down analytical method and in five levels. Then, by identifying the research scope and selecting villages from PaeenVelayat Rural District which regarding different factors were considered appropriate for doing research, the level of residents’ satisfaction with social sustainability in the rural scopes was determined and by studying in the area and doing field investigations, the required data were collected. Sampling was conducted at two stages, first to distribute the sample appropriate at the population level, identification and influence of general characteristics of the population, stratified random sampling method was sued. Accordingly, the ratio of population shares of each village of PaeenVelayat allocated to itself a percentage of the questionnaire to the desired village. In the next stage, regarding the complicatedness of the population for referring to individuals in rural regions, simple random sampling method was employed. Finally, the population was estimated using Cochran formula for the total population of villages and with sig. 95% and by considering the hypothesis of the maximum of heterogeneity (p=q=0.5) as 384. Valuing data was conducted using five-point Likert scale and to find the weight of criteria and also using Delphi Fuzzy method and participants of 15 participants among planers of rural biological complexes.
Results and Discussion
To value indices on the determined objective, the Delphi method was employed. Since the decision made by elits in the Delphi method was based on their personal qualification and is highly subjective; therefore, it is better to instead of definite numbers, fuzzy numbers be represented. In this method, participants usually are less than 50 individuals and mostly are 10 to 20 ones. At the next stage, the similarity method to solving fuzzy ideals for assessing social sustainability in rural regions was used and the results indicate that totally, the final score of social sustainability of rural region in PaeenVelayat was identified at three levels of “acceptable, moderate, and poor sustainability” using stratified analysis method. In this regard, rural residential complexes of Kasrineh and ZendehJan was the member of social sustainability with acceptable level. In the study, the second level of social sustainability was identified as the moderate level of sustainability which Moghan and SarHozak villages are members of this group. The lowest level of social sustainability was allocated to Moahmmadiyeh, MamarAbad and AshratAbad with a social sustainability level lower than the moderate level.
Conclusion
The results obtained from field study in rural settlements of PaeenVelayat Rural District of Kashmar as the case study, indicated that the employed method in the study as an efficient method can explain social sustainability conditions of the region in such a way that findings of the present study is consistent with objective observations. The issue that with the increase in the population in a residential complex such as a village, social sustainability will be weak in case of the lack of proper policies is an axiom and the results confirm this issue. Finally, in the study, it was tried that in addition to comparing rural regions with a population higher than 1000 individuals of PaeenVelayat with each other in terms of social sustainability, an appropriate method for assessing and comparing different data related to subjective and qualitative indices should be presented. The results of the present study is consistent with researches of Eftekhari et al. (2011), Alizadeh et al. (2013), Jafar Tavakoli (2014), Teymouri et al. (2012, and Lo et al. (2011) each being involved in social sustainability evaluation in rural regions.
