تأثير متقابل شدت نور و اسيد ساليسيليك بر برخي خصوصيات فيزيولوژيكي، عملكرد و كيفيت ميوه گوجه‌فرنگي (Solanum lycopersicum)

Effect of Light Intensity and Salicylic Acid Interaction on Some Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum

ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﺒﺰي ﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﻮه اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ را ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر )75 ،100 و 50 درﺻﺪ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر( و اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ )0 و 2 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر( ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﻐﺎن واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )0 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺮگ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ Fv/Fm ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ روزﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺮگ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ Fv/Fm را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ آذﯾﻦ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﻮه در ﮔﻞ آذﯾﻦ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ 116 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن رﺷﺪ ﮐﺮده در ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر 50 درﺻﺪ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﯿﻮه، ﺳﻔﺘﯽ ﻣﯿﻮه، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ و اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ ﻋﺼﺎره ﻣﯿﻮه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و در ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر 50 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﻫﺎ در ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ را در ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ.

Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the growth, yield and quality of fruits and vegetables. Salicylic Acid (SA) alleviates the negative effect of high and low light intensity. In order to evaluate the effect of interaction between light intensity and SA on physiological properties, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Super Beta F1), a split plot based on randomized complete block design experiment with three replications was carried out at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources located in Ardabil province, Iran in 2015. The treatment were included differentlight intensity levels (100, 75 and 50% light intensity) and SA (0 and 2 mM). Results revealed that the plant fresh and dry weight was decreased significantly with decreasing light intensity, especially without SA treatment. The leaf stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm ratio were increased with decreasing light intensity. The application of SA improved leaf stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm ratio. The application of SA caused increase in truss number and fruit number per truss under different light intensity levels. Tomato yield in full light intensity treatment and treated with SA was 116% higher than tomatoes yield grown in 50% light intensity and without treatment with SA. The highest and lowest value of total soluble solid, fruit firmness, EC and pH of fruit juice were obtained in full light intensity and 50% light intensity, respectively. In general, it is concluded that tomatoes grown in full light intensity has better yield and quality. SA application improves the quantitative and qualitative properties of tomato in different light intensities.