واكاوي موانع و مشكلات توليد محصولات گلخانه‌اي در جنوب استان كرمان

Examining Barriers and Problems of Greenhouse Vegetables Production in the South of Kerman Province

در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ، رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه اي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺟﻨﻮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن رﺗﺒﻪ ي دوم ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﺒﺰي و ﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺳﻌﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺟﺎت ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي )ﺧﯿﺎر و ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ( در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، 1629 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺧﯿﺎر و ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي داراي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ي ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395-96 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 88 ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮدار ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺳﻨﺠﺶ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻨﻞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ 0/63 ﺗﺎ 0/89 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﯿﻤﺖ، ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺑﺎزار ﻓﺮوش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و وﺟﻮد واﺳﻄﻪ ﮔﺮي و دﻻﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي اول ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮم ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در ﺟﻨﻮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﻧﺪ. ﻟﺬا، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ، ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﺑﻪ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ و كمبود ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد.

In recent years, the production of greenhouse vegetables in Iran, has grown steadily due to water resources constraints. Among all the provinces of Iran, south of Kerman province, has been assigned the second place of cultivation area and production of greenhouse vegetables. Considering this importance, it has been tried to study the current status of greenhouse vegetables (cucumber and tomato) as well as problems of the producers in this area, in the present study. The research was based on descriptive and survey method. The statistical population was 1629 greenhouse vegetables producers with a license started during 2016-17 among which 88 producers were selected using Cochran formula and stratified cluster sampling method. The evaluation tool was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability for different parts of the questionnaire was obtained between 0.63 to 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Garrett ranking technique was used to achieve the research objectives. The descriptive results of the study showed that, price fluctuations, lack of proper sales market and intermediation, respectively were the most important problems and barriers in the south of Kerman province. Therefore, in order to promote the production of these vegetables, it is suggested to address the marketing problems and lack of financial resources of the producers, instead of emphasizing on the technical aspects of production.