ارزيابي ويژگي‌هاي جوانه‌زني و تعيين دماهاي كاردينال با استفاده از مدل‌هاي رگرسيوني در سبزي بومي چوچاق (.Eryngium caucasicum Tratvu)

Determination of Germination Traits and Evaluation of Cardinal Temperatures of Eryngo as an Endemic Leafy Plant (Eryngium caucasicum Tratvu.) by Application of Regression Models

ﭼﻮﭼﺎق ).Eryngium caucasicum Tratvu( از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺒﺰي- داروﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺪﮐﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ آن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ روي اﻫﻠﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر رود. ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﭼﻮﭼﺎق، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ دﻣﺎﯾﯽ )0، 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 درﺟﻪ ي ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد( در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻠﻮم ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﻤﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺮازش ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ از ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﻣﺪل ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اي درﺟﻪ دو و از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ 2 ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ )R ( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﭼﻮﭼﺎق در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ي دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 10-25 درﺟﻪ ي ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ در داﻣﻨﻪ ي دﻣﺎﯾﯽ 10-20 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد ﺑﺎ اﺣﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ )88/33 درﺻﺪ(، اﻧﺮژي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ )92/5 درﺻﺪ(، زﻣﺎن ﺗﺎ 90 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ )7/7 روز( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ دو ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮازش، ﻣﺪل ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اي درﺟﻪ دو ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي از واﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﭼﻮﭼﺎق ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ اراﺋﻪ دﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل، دﻣﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 15/33، 0/85 و 29/81 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﮔﺮاد ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﭼﻮﭼﺎق در ﻋﮑﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان سبزي ﻓﺼﻞ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Tratvu.)is an endemic plant used as a leafy herb that its seed germination behavior has not been well studied. Research on its domestication and propagation can enhance its maintenance and commercialization. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was carried out with eight constant temperatures ranging from 0-35 °C (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C with three replicates in a completely randomized design at Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2016. Two regression models, including Intersected Lines Model and Quadratic Polynomial Model were applied to germination data to evaluate cardinal temperatures and R2 value was used as criteria for comparison between the models. Results showed that seed germination occurred at temperature of 10-25 °C. Optimum germination uniformity was obtaned at temperature of 10 to 20 °C. The temperature of 15 °C with highst germination percentage (88.33 %), germination energy (92.5 %), time to 90 % germination and germination uniformity (7.17 day) was found as the optimum temperature for seed germination. Quadratic Polynomial Model was found as a better model to evaluate eryngo seed germination. The temperature of 0.85, 15.33 and 29.81 °C were respectively estimated as minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures for eryngo seed germination. It is concluded that the data can be used to predict germination of eryngo response to temperature and management of the plant in agriculture as a new leafy herb.