تأثير منگنز و ساليسيليك اسيد در شرايط شور بر برخي خصوصيات مورفولوژي و فيزيولوژيكي دانهال‌هاي پسته

The influence of Manganse and Salicylic acid in saline conditions on some morphological and physiological parameters of pistachio seedhings

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﮑﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﮑﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ، ﻳﮏ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻲ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺯﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ )0، 10 ﻭ 20 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﮎ(، ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ )0، 0/5 ﻭ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻﺭ( ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭﻱ )0، 1200 ﻭ 2400 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﮐﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﮎ( ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ، ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ، ﮐﻠﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﮐﻞ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻠﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺲ )Fv/Fm( ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻟﻴﮑﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ، ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ، ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ 10 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ 78 ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ 50 ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﮐﻠﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ، ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﺩﺳﻤﻮﺗﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ. ﻟﻴﮑﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﻮﻻﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 5 ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﺷﻮﺭ( ﺭﺳﻴﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺷﻮﺭ، ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﮏ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻬﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.

To investigate the effect of manganese and Salicylic acid under salinity conditions on some morphological and physiological parameters of pistachio, a greenhous experiment as compeletly randomized design was carried out on the pistachio (Badami-e rize zarand). Treaments consisted manganese (0, 10 and 20 mg per kg of soil), salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) and salinity (0, 1200 and 2400 mg sodium chloride per kg of soil). The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced shoot and root dry weight, total chlorophyll and carotenoid and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), but the application of together manganese and slicylic acid increased these parameters. As the application of 10 mg manganese per kg of soil and 1 mM salicylic acid increased 78 percentage shoot dry weight and 50 percentage chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) compared to control. Also, the results of this experiment showed that, salinity increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but with application of 1 mM salicylic acid increased about 5 times the control (not saline conditions). According to the results of this experiment, under saline conditions, the combined application of Manganese and salicylic acid improved growth and photosynthesis parameters of pistachio seedling.