كليدواژه :
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ , ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ , ﺧﻔﺘﮕﻲ و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻﺯ , هيدروژن سياناميد , غلظت دورمكس و پسته
چكيده فارسي :
ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ. ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻟﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ، ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﮐﺒﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﻳﺰﺩ ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﺷﻲ، ﺁﺏ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻟﮏ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ، ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 3، 4 ﻭ 5 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 96/11/18، ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 3، 4 ﻭ 5 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 96/11/29 ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 3، 4 ﻭ 5 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﺎﻱ 96/11/18 ﻭ 96/11/29 ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻﺯ، ﭘﺮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ، ﻭﺯﻥ 100 ﺩﺍﻧﻪ، ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮ، ﭘﻮﮎ، ﺧﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺧﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ 3 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 5 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻟﮏ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ 10ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻﺯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ 5 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 18 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺍﮐﺴﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ 100 ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﻲﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﻭ 3 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 29 ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ 18 ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ 3 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 18 ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﮑﺲ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 96/11/18 ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺧﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻴﻔﻲ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﮐﻲ( ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻟﮏ 4 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ، ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻟﮏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Global warming has a lot of effects on agriculture and food production. Inadequate reception of winter cold in fruit trees, especially pistachios, is a major problem that occurs in many regions of relatively moderate winters. In order to investigate the effect of Dormex and volck oil on Completing the chilling requirement in pistachio trees the present study on pistachio trees of Akbari cultivar was carried out on the site of the model and extension of the farm of Izad Yaran Company in Sirjan city. Treatments used were spraying, water (control), 4% volck oil, Dormax 3%, 4% and 5% on 07/02/2018, Dormax 3%, 4% and 5% on 18/02/2018 and Dormax 3, 4 and 5% were on 07/02/2018 and 18/02/2018, respectively. The Time of budbreak, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the buds, branch length, weight 100 nuts, percentage of filled, blank, split and unsplit seeds were studied. The results showed that 4% Dormex treatment and after that 3%, the best treatments and control, Volck oil and Dormex 5% in second dates were the the worst treatment in terms of the opening time of the floral buds. According to the results, after 10 days, the highest amount of catalase activity was related to control treatment and the least activity was related to 4% and 5% Dormex treatments on February 18th. Data on peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and weight 100 nuts were not statistically significant. the highest length of Branch was related to 4% and 3% treatments of Dormex, and the lowest Branch length was related to control treatment, and after that, the sprayed Dormex treatments on February 18th. The highest percentage of filled fruit was obtained from 4% Dormex treatment sprayed on February 18th. highest percentage of split fruits and the lowest percentage of unsplit were 4% and 3% Dormex treatments, on February 18th, respectively. According to the results of this experiment, 4% dormex treatment spray in dated 07/02/2018 was associated with earlier budbreak of the dormancy and improved quality parameters (percentage of filled and split fruits) than 4% volck oil, However, the volck oil caused a more uniform opening of the floral buds than the control.
