چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Nowdays different approaches are proposed and used for solving the current issues and problems in cities, some of which are livability, smart city, ideal city, resilient city, child-friendly city, age-friendly city, city of learning, creative city and secure city. Multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note the presence of people, mixed use, transportation, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The subject of transportation is potentially a reflection of the importance transport plays in day-to-day life. Transportation is necessary for a functioning society as it enables people to access employment, education, food, health and social services, and meet with family and friends. However, in order to be effective transport planning needs to be integrated with land use planning, housing, environmental, and health planning. Mashhad city as the second most populous and the largest religious city of Iran hosts large number of domestic and foreign pilgrims annually. Certainly, the existence of good conditions for urban livability is extremely important, especially in terms of transportation. The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability with emphasis on transportation indicator in Mashhad metropolis.
Methodology
The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. Due to the nature of this research, indicators related to the transportation and existence of objective and subjective information, Arc GIS and SPSS software was used for analyzing of data. Finally, prioritization of different areas of Mashhad city in terms of livability was determined by using multi criteria decision making methods (VIKOR and Entropy models). The population of Mashhad metropolis, with an area of 288,664,457 square meters, was 2,766,258 in 2011 which live in 13 zones.
Result and Discussion
The largest area covered by the radius of access to bike stations are in Samen, 1 and 12 zones with 88, 83.6 and 83.3 percent of the total area of each zone,respectively. In terms of population ratio, the highest relative are in 11, 1 and Samen zones respectively with 94.4, 92.2 and 89.9 percent of the total population of each zones. The path of 1 urban train is located in the limited of 1, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 zones. Among these zones, in terms of area, the largest area are 1 and 11 zones with 13.34 and 10.6 percent, respectively. But in terms of population, the highest percent of opulation are 8, 1 and 11 zones with 19.9, 19.3 and 18.7 percent, respectively. Samen, 11 and 1 zones have the largest area covered by the bus network with 100, 98.6 and 98.2 percent of the covered area, respectively. In terms of population, the highest percentage covered by each zone indicates that 13 (Samen), 8, 11 and 1 zonens had the highest percentage of population covered by bus network. Regarding the taxi lines, it can be stated that both the area and the population of the Samen zone with 100% coverage of the area and population have the best situation compared to other zones. In terms of area and population after the Samen zone, the zones 1 and 11 have the largest area and population under coverage, respectively. For mental indicator, which includes 6 questions, questionnaire was used for a sample size of 402 persons in all zones of Mashhad metropolis. The total average of questions related to mental indicator of transportation in Mashhad city was equal to 3.06. After studying the average of transportation mental indicator questions, it can be said that zone 8 with the average of 3.5 and zone 5 with the average of 2.46 are the best and worst zones in this indicator, respectively.
Conclusion
The results of this research show the zone 11 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of transportation indicator, followed by zones 1 and 8, respectively. By contrast, zones 6, 5 and 2 had the worst conditions in terms of transportation indicator, respectively. About 54 % of Mashhad's zones are at transportation very unfavorable level with respect to the urban livability. Zones 11, 1 and 8 were at very favorable level. Zones 9 also was at favorable level in Mashhad metropolis. Considering that zones 7 has 0.488 score respectively, it is placed in the average level. Also zone Samen (13) is placed in the unfavorable level. Since the final scores of zones 12, 10, 2, 4, 3, 6 and 5 are between 1 and 0.8, these zones are ranked at very unfavorable level in terms of transportation indicator in Mashhad metropolis. In other words, about 54 % of Mashhad's zones are at transportation critical level with respect to the urban livability.
