ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ دادهﻫﺎي دورﺳﻨﺠﯽ: ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎمع

Dust & Sand Source Identification Using Remotely Sensed Data: a comprehensive Approach

ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺳﻌﮥ رو ﺷﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر و ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آنﻫﺎ ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣ ﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ دادهﻫﺎي دور ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ا ﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﺳﻨﺠﻨﺪه OLI ﻟﻨﺪ ﺳﺖ 8 در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 2013 ﺗﺎ 2015 ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﯿﮥ ﻧﻘ ﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺎﻧ ﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺎد ﻓﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﭘﻮ ﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﭘﻮ ﺷﺶ زﻣﯿﻦ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و زﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎره ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﺸﮥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮة ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ د ﺳﺖ آﯾﺪ. در ﮔﺎم دوم اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾ ﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ، ﻫﻮا ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﯽ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻮا درﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﺑﺎ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري آنﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ دادهﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﻨﺪة ﻣﻮدﯾﺲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ رﯾﺰﮔﺮد ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺪل ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻫﺎيا ﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ وا ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺣﺎ ﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﻮا در ﻣ ﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧ ﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺎد ﻓﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ دا ﺷﺘﻪ، ﺗﻤﺎس ﺣﺎ ﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮده ا ﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ا ﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺎ ﺳﮏﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺶﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺮ روي آنﻫﺎ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ رﯾﺰﮔﺮد ﻣ ﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ رﯾﺰﮔﺮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﻪ روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرة ﻓﺎزي ﺑﻪ روش وزﻧﯽ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳـــﺎس ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﻻﯾﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷـــﺪه-ﺗﺼـــﺎدﻓﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣ ﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آنﻫﺎ از ﺳﺮي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي و دادهﻫﺎي اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك و دﻣﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 15 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻧ ﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪة دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﭘﻮ ﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك و دﻣﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﯽ دورة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ روش دارد و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﺗﯽ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷــﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive approach to identifying dust & sand sources and to investigate their changes over a set period of time using remotely sensed data. For this purpose, data OLI data of Landsat 8 during the years 2013 through 2015 were used to make maps of vegetation cover, soil moisture and land cover sensibility to wind erosion. These maps were combined with geology and roughness by multi-criteria evaluation method to obtain a map of sand & dust source potential areas. In the second step, information of synoptic stations, meteorological and air pollution measurements was prepared, and using statistical analysis and with the help of Modis data, the history of local events was obtained. These regions were integrated with the map of sand & dust source potential areas using the MCE method (WLC) and based on a stratified random sampling plan, susceptible sites of sand & dust sources were identified. In order to validate the identified areas and investigate the trend of their changes, the time series of satellite data and weather stations data were used and the trend of vegetation, soil moisture and surface temperature at the location of identified areas during a 15-year period were monitored. Validation results show high accuracy of identified areas and significant reduction trend of vegetation, soil moisture and surface temperature in the locations of identified sites during the study period