تحليل اثرات نوع كاربري اراضي بر ترسيب كربن خاك (مطالعۀ موردي: حوزۀ‌ آبخيز واز شهرستان نور)

Analysis of effect of landuse change on soil carbon sequestration (Case study: Vaz watershed in Nour city)

در آﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات درﺟﮥ ﺣﺮارت ﮐﺮه زﻣﯿﻦ، ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻧﺎﺷـــﯽ از ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در ﺟﻮ ﮐﺮة زﻣﯿﻦ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از وﻗﻮع آن ﺿــﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳــﺪ. روشﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ زﯾﺘﻮدة ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺧﺎك ﺗﺤﺖ آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﻋﻤﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﮑﺎر، ﭘﯿ ﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ژﺋﻮﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ در ﺑﺮﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪة دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﺎك و ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻮده ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آبوﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪي در ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري آﺑﺨﯿﺰﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ در ﺧﺎك و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ارا ﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮع ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ارا ﺿﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺎﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮ ﺿﻮع، اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﻮع ارا ﺿﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺮ ﺳﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺧﺎك و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي در اﯾﻦﺧ ﺼﻮص در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ واز در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در ﮐﺎﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه در دو ﻋﻤﻖ 0-15 و 15-30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم و ﮐﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ذﺧﯿﺮة ﮐﺮﺑﻦ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﭘﺲ از آن اراﺿﯽ زراﻋﯽ و ﺑﺎﻏﺎت، ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺪار ذﺧﯿﺮة ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮي ﺧﺎك در ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ واز، 741666 ﺗﻦ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

In near future, earth's temperature fluctuation will be considerable. This phenomenon is the result of concentration of greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere. Therefore, it seems necessary to prevent of its happening. The biological methods including plant biomass and phytomass and soil are proposed as the best and practical ways. Watersheds are the greatest physical and geomorphologic units which are contain two important factors soils and plants. So that the current trend of climate change is a double challenge and threat to the sustainability of watersheds. Soil and plant carbon sequestration are economic feasibility act and adaptable to their environment which they can be provided with land management ways by kind of scientific method. Therefore by scientific method of landuse planning, this research has been carried by aims of study of kind landuse on soil carbon sequestration and determines best of landuse in Vaz watershed of Nour city. Soil sampling was carried at the selected different landuse area at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 centimeters and after analyzing soil organic matters were calculated. Results showed that forests are rich at both depths. But on the farms and orchards, rangelands and rural areas have had least amounts of organic material. Therefore Vaz watershed has 741666 tons of reserve of carbon.