كاربرد تحليل شبكه در شناخت كنشگران كليدي شبكۀ ذينفعان محلي در راستاي استقرار مديريت مشاركتي منابع طبيعي (منطقۀ مورد مطالعه: حوزۀ آبخيز سرايان، استان خراسان جنوبي)

Using network analysis to identify key actors in local benefitiories network in the establishment of participatory management of natural resources (Case Study: Sarayan Watershed, South Khorasan Province)

ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روﯾﮑﺮدي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﯽ ﻣﻄـﺮح ﻣـﯽﮔـﺮدد. اﯾـﻦ روﯾﮑـﺮد ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻓﺮدي و ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣـﯽﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﻟـﺬا ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺛﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮان در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮔﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪي در دو ﺑﺎزة زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮوژه اﺟﺘﻤﺎعﻣﺤﻮر در ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ و ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﮥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯿﺘﮥ ﺧﺮد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻬﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، در ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺳﺮاﯾﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺮوژة ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ RFLDL ﻗﺮار دارد، اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮد ﺷﺒﮑﮥ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿـﺖ اﻓﺮاد در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺸﮕﺮان ﮐﻠﯿـﺪي ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ اﻗﺘـﺪار، ﻧﻔـﻮذ و واﺳـﻄﻪﮔـﺮي در ﻗﺒـﻞ و ﺑﻌـﺪ از اﺟـﺮاي ﭘـﺮوژة ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟﺮا، از ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ادﻋـﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد ﭘﺮوژة ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﺒﮑﻪ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده و ﻣﯿﺰان اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻘﻮﯾـﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎً در اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪﺳﺰاﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.

Today the concept of participatory management is a functional and modern approach in the management of natural areas. This approach is a comprehensive approach to personal and group stakeholder participation to achieve sustainable management and empowerment of local communities. Therefore, identifying and realizing the most influential actors in local decisions is important step. The aim of this study was to determine social powers and key stakeholders in the period before and after running a local community project in network of local stakeholders. This study have been carried out through questionnaires and direct interviews with members of split Rural Development Committee, in the Sarayan watershed in South Khorasan province is covered by RFLDL international projects. For this purpose, ties of trust and partnership with local stakeholder network using quantitative indicators were analyzed at the micro level. This article analyzes the position of the local development groups and determines the key actors in terms of authority, influence and intermediation before and after the empowerment project. The results show that the centralisation before and after the run is reduced. It is claim that this project reduces centralization in network structure and strengthens trust and participation between stakeholder that has an important role in establishment of natural resourses participatory management and rural development.