ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب (ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺣﻮزة آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺧﺮو ﻋﻠﯿﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر)

Social network analysis of local stakeholders in Governance of water resources (Case study: watershed of Kharve Olya - Neyshabur city)

ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣ ﺴﺎسﺗﺮﯾﻦ و درﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎل ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ا ﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ا ﺳﺖ و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ارزﺷــﻤﻨﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ دﺧﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداران ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺿــﺮورﯾﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ آب ﻣﺤﺴــﻮب ﻣﯽﺷــﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳــﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷــﺒﮑﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رواﺑﻂ ذﯾﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷـﺒﮑﮥ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﮑﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﯽ ﺧﺮو ﻋﻠﯿﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﯿ ﺸﺎﺑﻮر ا ﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ ا ﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣ ﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﺑﺎ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷــﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯽ و رﯾﺎﺿــﯽ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﮐﻼن ﺷــﺒﮑﻪ )ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ، دوﺳــﻮﯾﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ، اﻧﺘﻘﺎلﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺎﺻــﻠﻪ ژﺋﻮدزﯾﮏ( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻗﻮي ﺑﻮده و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺷﺒﮑﻪ در ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪة ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺰان اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ در ﻣﯿﺎن ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ QAP، 66 درﺻﺪ و در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺎ ﺻﻠﻪ ژﺋﻮدزﯾﮏ ﺑﺮ ا ﺳﺎس ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣ ﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮدش اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣ ﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮ ﺳﻂ رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و وﺟﻮد اﺗﺤﺎد و ﯾﮕﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮل در ﻣﯿﺎن اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮدش اﻋﺘﻤﺎد و ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺖ در ﺑﯿﻦ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن ﺷــﺪه و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان روﯾﮑﺮد ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب را ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و زﻣﺎن ﮐﻤﺘﺮي اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد.

Resource management governing as one of the most valuable nature resource of watersheds with the involvement of local beneficiary to participatory management of water resources, one of the requirements of the water security program. So we considered social network analysis as an approach to analyzing the relationship between local stakeholders for sustainable management of water resources. The purpose of this study is study social network of local stakeholders using social network analysis in watershed of Kharve Olya of Neyshabur city. This study has been made based on trust and participant links and using quantitative and mathematical indicators in network macro-level (density, concentration, links reciprocity, transferability of links, the average geodesic distance). The results show that social capital degree based on trust and participant links was strong and stability and balance of network is evaluated at the upper limit that indicates a high level of mutual trust and participant among the local stakeholders. Also the correlation between trust and participant links based on QAP index was 66% and upward average. Results of mean geodesic distance index based on trust and participant link trust indicate trust and participant flow rate is from moderate to high degree. The results can be argued that high levels of social capital and unity among people lead to increase trust and participant flow rate among stakeholders so we can accomplish successful governing of water resources at the less expense and time.