ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن، اﯾﺮان

The effect of fire on some characteristics of rangeland ecosystem in the Southern part of Golestan National Park, Iran

آﺗﺶﺳـﻮزي از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ اﮐﻮﺳـﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳـﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﺛﺮ آﺗﺶﺳـﻮزي ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك، ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎك و ﭘﻮ ﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﮐﻮﻫ ﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺎق واﻗﻊ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﻠ ﺴﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ و آﺗﺶﺳــﻮزي، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از 5 ﺗﺮاﻧﺴــﮑﺖ 200 ﻣﺘﺮي و 5 ﭘﻼت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ ﺑﺮ روي ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎﺟﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﺮمﻫﺎي روﯾﺸﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﮑﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻼت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎك اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮريﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك از ﻋﻤﻖ 0-20 و 20-40 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎك ﻧﯿﺰ از دو ﻋﻤﻖ 5- 0 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و 5-10 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮدا ﺷﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮر ﺳﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﯽ ﻣ ﺴﺘﻘﻞ و اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ اول و دوم ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾ ﺴﮥ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك ﻧ ﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ا ﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﭘﺘﺎ ﺳﯿﻢ، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، ﮐﺮﺑﻦ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﺒﺎدل ﮐﺎﺗﯿﻮﻧﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﻨﺎ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺗﺶﺳﻮزي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﺗﻨﻮع و ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺑﺬر ﺧﺎك در ﻋﻤﻖ اول ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ دوم، در ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ

Fires are one of the most important factors affecting natural ecosystems. This study was done in order to investigate the effects of fire on soil chemical properties, soil seed bank and vegetation cover in Yeke Bermagh, Highland ranegelands in the southern part of Golestan National Park. After determination of control and burned area, sampling was done with 5 transects and 5 plots. Vegetation cover, density and production were recorded in each site. One plot was chosen for analysis of soil chemical properties and soil seed bank along transects. Sampling for seed soil bank determination was accomplished in two depths, 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm. In order to distinguish the differences between the two depths in each site, the independent t-test, and pair t-test were used. Comparison of soil properties in the two control and burned areas showed that pH, potassium, nitrogen, phosphors, carbon, EC and CEC in the burned area was more than control area. According to the results the amount of richness and diversity of seed bank in the control area was higher than the burned area. Furthermore, richness and diversity in the first depth was more than the second depth, in both areas.