چكيده فارسي :
يكي از مطالبات اجتماعي و شهروندي رو به افزايش در كشورهاي در حال توسعه، گسترش و احياي فضاهاي سبز شهري است. در اين زمينه رشد جمعيت و كمبود منابع آبي پايدار از چالش‌هاي بسيار مهم و پيش رو در مناطق خشك است. تغيير سبك و پاراديم‌هاي طراحي منظر در مناطق خشك با در نظر گرفتن اولويت كاهش مصرف آب، مي‌تواند منجر به نارضايتي‌هاي اجتماعي ناشي از خشك‌منظرسازي و فضاهاي سبز كم‌نهاده شود. بالا رفتن توقع بصري جامعه نسبت به فضاهاي سبز در دهه‌هاي اخير كه حاصل گزينش الگوهاي ناصحيح طراحي منظر بويژه در مناطق خشك بوده است، زمينه‌ساز اصلي تقابل احتمالي بين ترجيحات زيباشناسي و فضاي سبز پايدار در اين مناطق است. در اين مقاله از يك طرف ترجيحات زيباشناسي منظر و فضاي سبز و گزينه‌هاي طراحي آن‌ها در مناطق خشك ايران بررسي شده است و از طرف ديگر دلايل تقابل احتمالي بين اين دو مهم و راهكارهاي مناسب جهت كاهش اين ناهمسويي مورد بحث و تحليل قرار گرفته است. از بين نه گزينه بسيار اثرگذار در ادراك و ترجيحات زيباشناسي منظر توسط انسان، گزينه‌هاي طراحي در مناطق خشك، خشك‌منظرسازي و طراحي شهري حساس به آب مهمترين مي باشند. لزوم استفاده از اين مفاهيم در طراحي‌ها از يك طرف و افزايش آگاهي اجتماع نسبت به بحران آب در مناطق خشك و نيمه‌خشك، بومي‌سازي و ورود جايگزين‌هاي گياهي مقاوم به خشكي با تنوع بالا و خلاقيت و ابتكار در طراحي‌هاي خشك‌منظر از طرف ديگر مي‌تواند تا حدودي نارضايتي احتمالي شهروندان از توسعه فضاي سبز پايدار در اقليم‌‌هاي خشك را كاهش دهد.
چكيده لاتين :
One of the social and citizen demands that is increasing in developing countries, is the expansion and
rehabilitation of urban green spaces. Population growth and lack of sustainable water resources is one of
the important challenges facing the arid regions. Change in style and paradigm of landscape design in arid
areas with regard to the priority of reducing water consumption, can lead to social discontent caused by
xeriscaping and creation of low input green spaces. Rising visual demand in society towards green spaces
in recent decades as a result of improper selection of landscape design patterns, especially in dry areas, is
the main reason for a possible conflict between aesthetic preferences and sustainable green space in these
regions. In xeriscaping, integration of effective factors in aesthetic perception with relevant variables in
planting design less has been under consideration. Effective factors in aesthetic perception are nine visual
concepts include coherence, disturbance, stewardship, imageability, visual scale, naturalness, historicity
and ephemera. Seven fundamental principles of xeriscaping are plan and design for water conservation,
improve the soil, limit turf area or select alternatives, irrigate efficiently, select appropriate plants and
hydrozone plants, mulch to reduce evaporation, maintaining a xeriscape. Despite researches showing that
xeriscaping could usually reduce landscape water consumption by one-third however, many people were
initially reluctant to substitute it for conventional landscaping. A common perception was that xeriscape
were drab and barren and featured nothing more than rocks and some succulent and thorny plants. In this
paper, on one hand the aesthetic preferences of landscape and green space and also options of design in
arid regions of Iran have been explored and on the other hand, the reasons behind possible confrontation
between these two major issues and suitable strategies for reducing the conflict, has been discussed and
analyzed. Amongst the nine concept of aesthetic that affect social preferences, the concepts of
complexity, coherence, imageability and ephemera in green spaces of arid regions, are faced with more
challenges than other concepts. Since in the xeriscaping, use of drought-resistant plants is one of the
principles so, for low diversity in ornamental plant species and partial removal of lawns and water
element in the landscape, aesthetic preferences of citizens, will not be fulfilled completely. Social
awareness toward the water crisis in the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, ornamental plant
domestication and import of drought resistant species as alternatives and also creativity and innovation in
xeriscaping designs, can decrease the possible dissatisfaction of the citizens from the sustainable and
rational development of green spaces in dry climates.
