كاربرد روش كيفي تصميم گيري چند معيارۀ «تصميم ماهرانه DEX» در معماري و شهرسازي

Usage of Multiple Qualitative Decision-Making Method of "DEX Expert Decision" in Architecture and Urbanism

فرآيند تحليل سلسله مراتبي دِكس (يا روش تصميم‌گيري ماهرانه1) روشي است كيفي كه براي تصميم‌گيري در شرايطي كه معيارهاي تصميم‌گيري به صورت متضاد انتخاب شده و گزينش بين آنها با مشكل مواجه گرديده، استفاده شود. اين روش گزينشي كيفي، ابتدا در سال 1983 ميلادي به‌وسيله گروهي تحقيقاتي از اسلووني پيشنهاد گرديد و تاكنون كاربردهاي متعددي در علوم مختلف داشته است. در اين مقاله، كاربرد اين روش را براي اولين بار با نمونه‌اي در معماري، كه همان انتخاب مكان يا سايت مناسب است، موردبررسي قرار داده شد تا مشخص گردد آيا مي‌توان از آن در مكان‌يابي استفاده نمود يا خير؟ نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه روش فرآيند تحليل سلسله مراتبي دكس كه بيشتر با‌كمك نرم‌افزار آن انجام مي‌پذيرد، با توجه به ‌سادگي، به‌كارگيري معيارهاي كيفي و نيز قابليت بررسي سازگاري در قضاوت‌ها مي‌تواند در بررسي موضوعات پيچيده‌اي مانند انتخاب زمين در پروژه‌هاي معماري و شهرسازي، استفاده نمود تا نتيجه مطلوب حاصل گردد.

Multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a sub discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making. MCDA are well known acronyms for multiple-criteria decision making and multiple criteria decision analysis; Stanley Zionts helped popularizing the acronym with his 1979 article " MCDM – If not a Roman Numeral, then What?", intended for an entrepreneurial audience. MCDM is concerned with s tructuring and solving decision and planning problems involving multiple criteria. The purpose is to support decision-makers facing such problems. Typically, there does not exis t a unique optimal solution for such problems and it is necessary to use decision maker's preferences to differentiate between solutions. "Solving" can be interpreted in different ways. It could correspond to choosing the "bes t" alternative from a set of available alternatives, where "bes t" can be interpreted as "the mos t preferred alternative" of a decision-maker. Another interpretation of "solving" could be choosing a small set of good alternatives, or grouping alternatives into different preference sets. An extreme interpretation could be to find all "efficient" or "nondominated" alternatives. Many "Multiple Criteria Decision Making" (MCDM) methods are available, which are often implemented by specialized decision-making software. One of the mos t important methods is the DEX method. DEX (Decision EXpert) Analytic Hierarchy Process is a qualitative and simple method that used to make decisions in situations where conflicting decision making criteria deal with difficult to make choosing between options. This method was firs t proposed by a Slovenian research group in 1983 and it has been used in many fields of science, including indus try, health and housing up to now. DEX facilitates the following: Acquisition of decision models, which are composed of: a hierarchy of attributes, and the corresponding utility functions that are defined by decision rules; Consis tency checking of decision rules; Acquisition, evaluation and analysis of options; Explanation of the evaluation results; Group decision-making support. This article is extracted from the thesis "Design of Persian Miniature House with an Approach to Applying the Mys tical Attitude of Iranian Painting". It has also tried to tes t the DEX method in the area of architecture; for this purpose, it is used in the site locating section. To select a site from exis ting sites, It needs components that are in line with the project approach and use. These are presented in the body of the article as an example. Now, in this context, can DEX be the target's answer? In this paper, a specific usage of this method is examined with an example of architecture, i.e. in selecting the appropriate location for the design of the project. The obtained results show that the DEX hierarchical analysis process method, which is done today with the help of software, regarding to be simple, flexible, using qualitative criteria and also the ability to review adaptability in judgments, can be used in simple issues, such as selecting a machine, to more complex issues such as the choice of land in architecture and urban projects, and to achieve the desired result.