تبيين جايگاه روش‌شناسي اثباتي و فرااثباتي در مخاطرات‌ ژئومورفولوژيك (مورد: پهنه بندي مخاطرات ريزش سنگ در آزادراه رودبار- رستم‌آباد)

Explaining the Position of Positivism and Critical Methods in Geomorphic Hazard (Case: Rockfalls Hazard on Rudbar-Rostamabad Freeway)

تعامل پايداري محيط و سيستمهاي سطحي زمين، از مهمترين مولفه ها در مديريت محيط هاي ژئومورفولوژيك، به شمار مي رود. در عصر كنوني، ضرورت اجتناب ناپذير توسعه سيستم‌هاي انساني مانند توسعه شهرها، حمل و نقل و... از يك‌سو و تاكيد بر كاهش مخاطرات از سوي ديگر، مسير دانش ژئومورفولوژي را به سمت ارزيابي و تفسير واكنش ژئوسيستم‌ها به تغييرات آنتروپوژنيك رهنمون ساخته است. اين نوشتار با اين هدف، به كمك دو نوع روش‌شناسي ‌اثباتي و فرااثباتي ، كوشش دارد نتايج كمّي حاصل از روش‌شناسي اثباتي را از طريق تفسير نقشه در سطوح مختلف هرمنوتيك، به سمت ميان‌رشته‌اي و كاربردي‌تر شدن سوق دهد. در اين پژوهش ابتدا در بخش كمّي- اثباتي با استفاده از فرايند تحليل شبكه و تعيين معيارهاي پيشنهادي در وقوع ريزش‌سنگ، اين معيارها در دو خوشه‌ اصلي مخاطرات طبيعي و زيست محيطي شامل ميزان شيب، جهت شيب، كاربري اراضي، بارش ساليانه، فاصله از گسل، شبكه‌ ارتباطي، آبراهه و ليتولوژي دسته بندي شد. در مرحله‌ بعد با تهيه‌ لايه‌هاي اطلاعاتي از عناصر فوق و ارزش‌گذاري آنها در قالب مدل تحليل شبكه در محيط GIS مورد تحليل قرار گرفت و نقشه‌ نهايي مخاطرات ريزش با درجات كم، متوسط و بالا تعيين شد. در گام پاياني به كمك روش‌شناسي فرااثباتي به منظور كاربردي شدن و فهم يافته‌ها، نقشه خروجي ريزش سنگ، در سطوح هرمنوتيك متن و ذهن فعال و غيرفعال مورد تفسير قرار گرفت. همچنين نمونه‌اي تفسير از عينك ديگر كارشناسان علوم جغرافيايي با هدف ميان‌رشته‌اي شدن، طي مصاحبه‌ مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. تا بتوان تصميم‌گيري واقع بينانه‌تري با تبديل نمودن متن‌ها و نقشه‌هاي غيرفعال به فعال در زمينه پايداري محيط در برابر فرم‌ها و فرايندهاي سطح زمين به دست آورد.

Introduction Understanding and interpreting the response of geosystems and their changes to processes is one of the most important components of geomorphological knowledge. These damages may be the result of the omission or disregard of the geomorphic indices affecting these structures when choosing a route or not respecting their privacy. In the context of this study, the underlying issue is the multiplicity and sometimes contradiction of the experts' perceptions and insights. One of the differences in these interpretations is the challenges associated with the different attitudes and perspectives observed in the area of geomorphological hazards, including slope systems and rock fall on the roads. Generally, knowledge based on positivism emphasizes the importance of the method versus the nature of the research conclusions and results. This means that in this view, the research method is more important than the research result. Whereas, in transactional ways, understanding and its relevance to other topics, especially interdisciplinary studies, is given priority. This paper attempts to analyze quantitatively stable and unstable areas and then to qualitatively interpret the designated zones in order to apply the geomorphological hazard arena in this domain by analyzing the effective elements in the domain hazards using the network analysis process. The range is in sync with environmental sustainability. Materials and Methods The study of area Given the climate of the on the western slopes of alborz can be considered as a semi-arid mountains. Geographical scope of the research section of freeway Rudbar-Rostam abad Valley Sefidrud geomorphological units located in the western Alborz form. In this paper the method of network analysis in order to analyze the occurrence of rock fall. in the first phase to measure and characterize the clusters and the elements . an‎d 8 of the main elements involved in the thematic similarity of two clusters of environmental features and natural hazards were in place. Next , establish relationships and connections and dependencies between the elements. Other elements associated with elements which have an impact on them and they will work. The next phase of this model of communication in these clusters and the elements . Results and Discussion After determining the norms of international relations through the questionnaire and the initial coefficients of each element of the paired comparisons were based on questionnaires, Coefficients of all elements in a compiled the Greats s matris and finally the use of mathematical operations in software , Non- weight initially and then the Greats matris of weight was formed . Finally, using this the Greats s matris, the Greats s matris partially was formed. This the Greats s matris a uniform rate for all elements in the show. After obtaining the final coefficients of each element with the ANP, These coefficients should be applied to each element of the data layer and the final map to be achieved in ARC GIS software. After preparation of the relevant raster layers , the layers based on the amount and type of influence were classified on the subject and the region. Finally, combining all the layers and all the coefficients obtained from the ANP Raster Calculator in the software ARC GIS, the final map was the grit. Conclusion In general, applied topics in geomorphology knowledge, especially geomorphological hazards, have been strongly influenced by the mapping of zoning models, statistics and figures, the spirit of innovation, imagination, and theorizing. Therefore, the mere reliance on statistical methods and techniques of modeling makes it possible to replicate the position of this knowledge on issues such as landslide zoning and analysis, floods, wind erosion, etc. using decision making models of network analysis, fuzzy, etc. Has been. Because of geomorphology knowledge, interpretation of concepts and maps is a priority and this practice is being undertaken by researchers. In this study, we attempted to provide a more organized case study of geomorphological hazard management studies by providing case examples of interpretation and by applying hermeneutic levels and approaches. Because in examining the various levels of hermeneutics, the art of a geomorphologist is to turn passive texts into active ones for the use and application of geomorphic phenomena in other disciplines and trends of geographical sciences such as urban, rural, political and geographical studies. Also, a geomorphologist within the context of hermeneutics knowledge must have specialized interpretations of maps and diagrams that a non-expert cannot have a similar understanding of. In this regard, in order to make the active text more applicable than the interpretation of the geomorphological map of rock fall hazards zoning in Rudbar-Rostam Abad freeway, in order to link the findings of this knowledge with the findings of other geographical sciences from the perspectives of experts in these fields and to interview them.