چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف
مشاركت در فعاليت هاي ورزشي، منافعي آشكار ازجمله منافع جسماني و روان شناختي و اجتماعي براي همه اعضاي جامعه اعم از افراد سالم و به ويژه براي معلولان دارد. ازسويي هويت ورزشي مي تواند انگيزش و تعهد حضور مداوم در فعاليت هاي ورزشي و موفقيت در سطوح عالي ورزشي را منجر شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسي ارتباط بين هويت ورزشي و مشاركت در فعاليت هاي ورزشي در بين معلولان جسمي بود.
روش بررسي
پژوهش حاضر از نوع پيمايشي بود و به كمك پرسشنامه اطلاعات لازم جمع آوري شد. جامعه آماري پژوهش را تمامي معلولان جسمي شهركرد در سال 1395 تشكيل دادند. با به كارگيري فرمول كوكران در سطح خطاي 5درصد تعداد 320 نفر از بين 2139 نفر معلولان جسمي به صورت تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند. از مقياس هويت ورزشي چزلاك و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته مشاركت ورزشي و نيز از ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 23 در سطح خطاي 5درصد استفاده گرديد.
يافته ها
باتوجه به نتايج، بين هويت خود و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه مستقيم و معنا دار (r=0.34, p<0.001). و نيز بين هويت اجتماعي و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه مستقيم و معنا دار مشاهده شد (r=0.30 p<0.001). همچنين بين انحصارگرايي و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه مستقيم و معنا داري به دست آمد (r=0.40, p<0.001). ازطرفي يافته ها نشان داد بين تاثيرپذيري منفي و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه معكوس و معنا دار (r=0.16, p<0.001). و نيز بين تاثيرپذيري و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه مستقيم و معنا داري وجود داشت (r=0.31, p<0.001). درنهايت بين هويت ورزشي و مشاركت ورزشي رابطه مستقيم و معنا داري مشاهده شد (r=0.35, p<0.001).
نتيجه گيري
براساس يافته ها مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه هويت ورزشي تسهيل گر مشاركت هرچه بيشتر معلولان جسمي در فعاليت هاي ورزشي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Sports activities have obvious benefits, including physical, psychological and social for all members of the
community, including healthy people and especially for the physically disabled. Athletic identity can lead to motivation and continuous
participation in sports activities as well as success at high levels. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between athletic
identity and participation in sports activities among physically disabled persons.
Methods: This research was a survey, and a questionnaire used for data collection. The statistical population of this study was physically disabled
people in Shahrekord (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Southwest of Iran) in 2016. In this study, using the Cochran formula at the 5% error
level, 320 people (186 males and 134 females) with an average age of 28.65 ± 9.71 were selected from 2139 physically disabled people, in a
simple random sampling method. Athletic Identity was measured by using Cieslak’s athletic identity scale, which was a 22–item self–report
questionnaire with five dimensions, including self–identity, social Identity, exclusivity, positive and negative affectivity. All five dimensions
were answered on a 10–point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree) – also, a researcher–made questionnaire used for participation
in sports activities. The questionnaire had four items that measured the rate of participation in sports activities according to minutes per week.
Pearson correlation coefficient used to analyze data. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version 24) with the error level less
than 0.05.
Results: A total of 58.1% of respondents were men, and 41.9% were women. The mean age of the women was 65.9±53.55 years old, and the
mean age of the men was 20.9±19.26 years. In terms of involving in sport, 86% of men and 48% of women involved in sports activities, while
14% of men and 52% of women did not include in any sports activities. In total, 56% of men and women participated in sports activities, and
44% did not participate in any sports activities. The average participation in sports activities was 52.20±32.22 min/week. The mean of athletic
identity was 126.94±14.32, which was higher than average. Results of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant
positive relationship between self–identity and participation in sports activities (r=0.34, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship
between social identity and participation in sports activities (r=0.30, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between exclusivity
and participation in sports activities (r=0.40, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between negative affectivity and participation
in sports activities (r=-0.16, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between positive affectivity and participation in sports
activities (r=0.31, p<0.001). Finally, there was a significant positive relationship between sport identity and participation in sports activities
(r=0.30, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Athletic identity could be a facilitator for participation in sports activities for physically disabled persons and their commitment to
the continuous involvement in sports activities that can lead to their physical and mental health. Athletic identity by increasing the participation
of physically disabled people in sports activities can reinforce the feeling of strength and self–esteem in physically disabled athletes, reduce the
negative affectivity of others, and lead to reinforcing of social identity and eventually develops the capability of physically disabled persons.
