پديد آورندگان :
عليزاده، بهمن دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات تهران , قاسمي، عبداله دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات تهران , عرب عامري، الهه دانشگاه تهران - دانشكدهٔ تربيت بدني و علوم ورزشي - گروه رفتارحركتي , رضايي، ميثم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد مشهد
كليدواژه :
آزمون مجموعهٔ ارزيابي حركت براي كودكان ويرايش دوم , كم توان ذهني , پايايي , روايي همزمان
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف
نقص در عملكرد حركتي در كودكان كم توان ذهني رايج است. اندازه گيري عملكرد حركتي با ويژگي هاي روان سنجي صحيح براي استفاده باليني و پژوهش ضرورت دارد. هدف از اين تحقيق، تعيين روايي و پايايي مجموعه آزمون هاي ارزيابي حركت كودكان ويرايش دوم (MABC-2) براي كودكان 7تا10ساله كم توان ذهني بود.
روش بررسي
روش پژوهش از نوع توصيفي همبستگي بود. بدين منظور 124 دانش آموز 7تا10ساله كم توان ذهني مشغول به تحصيل در سال تحصيلي 96-1395 به شيوه نمونه هدفمند دردسترس انتخاب شدند. روايي آزمون MABC-2 به شكل روايي هم زمان با آزمون BOT-2 و پايايي به صورت پايايي همساني دروني و به شيوه آلفاي كرونباخ به دست آمد. براي تحليل آماري داده ها، نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 19 به كار رفت. سطح معناداري نيز 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد.
يافته ها
مقدار آلفاي كرونباخ كلي 0٫89 محاسبه شد كه همبستگي قوي را نشان داد. كمترين و بيشترين مقدار همبستگي اسپيرمن بين هر ماده با نمره كل به ترتيب مربوط به تكليف پرتاب كيسه لوبيا با 0٫38 و تعادل روي تخته با پاي برتر با 0٫79 بود (0٫05>p). ضريب همبستگي اسپيرمن مشخص كرد بين خرده مقياس چالاكي دستي از آزمون MABC-2 با دو حوزه حركتي و چهار خرده مقياس مشترك با آزمون BOT-2 همبستگي مثبت و معناداري وجود دارد؛ ولي بين خرده مقياس دريافت و پرتاب از آزمون MABC-2 با هيچ يك از خرده مقياس هاي آزمون BOT-2 هيچ گونه همبستگي مثبت و معناداري مشاهده نشد. همچنين خرده مقياس تعادل از آزمون MABC-2 تنها با خرده مقياس هاي سرعت و چالاكي (p=0/024,r=0/30) و تعادل (p=0/027,r=0/29) از آزمون BOT-2، داراي همبستگي معناداري بود.
نتيجه گيري
براساس يافته هاي پژوهش آزمون MABC-2 از روايي و پايايي خوبي براي كودكان كم توان ذهني برخوردار است؛ ولي بعضي از مواد آن براي اين كودكان نياز به تعديل دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: There is a little study on the validity and reliability of motor tests in children with intellectual disabilities. Deficit in
motor performance is common in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). It is important to use standardized test for evaluating the clinical
and research based performance assessment in children. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and concurrent validity of age
band 2 of the movement assessment battery for children–second edition (MABC–2) in intellectual disability children.
Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. A total of 124 children whit intellectual disability (58 girls and 66 boys) 7–10
years old were selected as sample. The criteria for entering the study were aged between 7 to 10; having an IQ score between 50 to 70 that were
available in their medical records at the school: without serious emotional and behavioral disorders and lack of any participation in physical and
therapeutic programs. For minimizing data impairment children with autism spectrum, cerebral palsy, blindness and deafness, neurological
disorders such as stroke, muscular dystrophy and epilepsy were excluded from the study. For measuring concurrent validity of MABC–2 test we
used from BOT–2 test. In accordance with the instruction manual, the examiner, before testing each assignment, gave the opportunity to become
familiar with the way the task that was performed, this opportunity varied for different assignments. Scoring was done according to the manual.
To obtain rating of intellectual disability (IQ score), students dossier were used. To evaluate concurrent validity, 55 children in two consecutive
days, evaluated with two tests. In addition, for reliability we used internal consistency with Cranach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS
software version 19 and significance level was 0.05.
Results: The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.89, indicating a high correlation. In addition, the lowest and highest correlation between each item
with total score was related to the task of throwing beanbag with 0.38 and one–board balance with 0.79. Spearman correlation coefficient showed
the positive and significant correlation between manual dexterity component of the MABC–2 test with two composite areas of fine manual
control (r=0.58, p=0.001) and manual coordination (r=0.41, p=0.002) of BOT–2 test. Also positive and significant correlation between manual
dexterity component of the MABC–2 test with four subscales of fine motor precision (r=0.58, p=0.000), fine motor integration (r=0.55, p=0.001),
manual dexterity (r=0.42, p=0.000) and upper–limb coordination (r=0.41, p=0.002) of BOT–2 test. However, there was no correlation between
the aiming and catching component of the MABC–2 test with four composite areas of fine manual control (r=0.21, p=0.441), manual coordination
(r=0.198, p=0.148), body coordination (r=0.198, p=0.148), strength and agility (r=0.126, p=0.359) of BOT–2 test. There was significant
correlation between balance component of the MABC–2 test and running speed and agility (r=0.30, p=0.024) and balance (r=0.29, p=0.027) of
BOT–2 test but no significant correlation between balance component of the MABC–2 test and bilateral coordination (r=0.03, p=0.984) and
strength (r=0.024, p=0.863).
Conclusion: The MABC–2 test had a good validity and reliability for intellectual disability children, but some of its items need to be adjusted
for these children. The high correlation between fine motor skills in two tests states that two MABC–2 and BOT–2 tests measuring better from
fine motor skills compare to gross and balance motor skills in children 7 to 10 years old with intellectual disability.
