مقايسه پنج عاملي بزرگ شخصيت و دل بستگي ادراك شده و خودكارآمدي نوجوانان بزهكار و بهنجار

Compare Big Five personality traits, attachment and self-perception between delinquent and normal adolescents

زمينه و هدف ميان بسياري از صاحب نظران در اين زمينه توافق كلي ديده مي شود كه نوجوانان بزهكار اغلب درمعرض آن گونه از روابط اجتماعي هستند كه از ويژگي هاي آن، وجود مشكل هاي شخصيتي و نبود رابطه و پيوند نزديك و صميمانه بين والدين و فرزند و وضع نابسامان محيط خانوادگي است و اين عوامل ارتباط مستقيمي با بزهكاري وي دارد؛ بنابراين هدف پژوهش حاضر مقايسه پنج عامل بزرگ شخصيتي و دل بستگي ادراك شده و خودكارآمدي نوجوانان بزهكار و عادي بود. روش بررسي روش پژوهش توصيفي از نوع علي مقايسه اي بود. جامعه آماري را تمامي نوجوانان پسر عادي و بزهكار شهر گرگان تشكيل دادند. نمونه پژوهش شامل 120 نوجوان بزهكار پسر و 120 نوجوان عادي پسر بود كه به شيوه نمونه گيري دردسترس انتخاب و از ميان آنان 71 نوجوان بزهكار و 71 نوجوان عادي به صورت تصادفي ساده در نظر گرفته شدند. براي جمع آوري داده ها از پرسشنامه شخصيتي پنج عاملي شخصيت نئو (1985) و پرسشنامه دل بستگي كولينز و ريد (1996) و مقياس خودكارآمدي شرر و مادوس (1982) استفاده شد. جهت تجزيه و تحليل داده ها، روش تحليل واريانس چندمتغيره (مانوا) با كمك نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 23 به كار رفت و مقادير احتمال كمتر از 0٫05 از نظر آماري معنادار بود. يافته ها باتوجه به نتايج، بين ويژگي هاي شخصيتي نوجوانان بزهكار و عادي تفاوت معنادار آماري وجود داشت (0٫001>p). يافته ها مشخص كردند نوجوانان بزهكار درمقايسه با نوجوانان عادي در خرده مقياس هاي روان آزردگي نمره بيشتري كسب كردند؛ اما در خرده مقياس هاي برون گرايي، گشودگي به تجربه، توافق پذيري و در متغير وظيفه شناسي نمره كمتري از گروه نوجوانان عادي به دست آوردند (0٫001>p). همچنين نوجوانان بزهكار در مولفه سبك دل بستگي اضطرابي درمقايسه با نوجوانان عادي داراي نمره بيشتري بودند. درنهايت بين متغير خودكارآمدي در نوجوانان بزهكار و عادي تفاوت معناداري مشاهده شد. بدين صورت كه ميزان خودكارآمدي نوجوانان بزهكار كمتر از نوجوانان عادي بود (0٫001>p). نتيجه گيري براساس يافته هاي اين پژوهش ويژگي هاي شخصيتي و دل بستگي ادراك شده و خودكارآمدي ازجمله عوامل رواني موثر در بعد رفتارهاي جامعه ستيزانه است؛ بنابراين توجه به حوزه دل بستگي در دوران كودكي توسط والدين و اهميت ويژگي هاي شخصيت مي تواند در ايمن نگه داشتن كودكان ونوجوانان دربرابر جرم هاي احتمالي تاثيرگذار باشد.

Background & Objective: Among some scientists in this field, there is general agreement that offenders juvenile are often exposed to a kind of social relationship that has its characteristics. Some factors are directly related to delinquency of them including the existence of personality problems, lack of relationship and close links between parents and disorderly condition of the family environment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare big five personality traits, attachment and self–perception between delinquent and normal adolescents. Methods: This study was a descriptive, causal–comparative study. The statistical population included normal and delinquent adolescents in Gorgan city (North of Iran). The study sample consisted of 120 offenders juvenile and 120 normal male boys who were selected through convenience sampling. Among them, 71 offenders and 71 normal adolescents were selected randomly. To collect data, the Neo characteristics personality questionnaire (1985), Collins and Reid attachment inventory (1996) and Sherer and Mados (1982) self–efficacy scale were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS software and probability values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between the personality traits of delinquent and normal adolescents (p<0.001). The findings revealed that adolescent teenagers scored higher in psychosocial subscales than normal adolescents (mean and standard deviation in offenders juvenile were 31.6±6.77 and in normal adolescents were 20.13±4.66). However in the extraversion subscales (mean and standard deviation in delinquent adolescents were 28.14±5.68 in normal adolescents 32.23±3.75), openness to experience (mean and standard deviation in delinquent adolescents was 30.14 ± 8.3 and in normal adolescents 35.28±4.25 agreement), agreeable (mean and standard deviation in delinquent adolescents were 27.74±7.53 and in the adolescents were 34.58±4.18, respectively), and in the variable of duty (mean and deviation The level of adolescents in adolescents was 21.91±6.21 and in normal adolescents 33.74±3.33) had a lower score than the control group (p<0.001). Delinquent adolescents in the component of anxiety attachment style had a higher score (mean and standard deviation in delinquent adolescents was 21.98 ± 3.36 and 11.34±2.31 in normal adolescents). Finally, there was a significant difference between the self–efficacy variable in delinquent and normal adolescents in the variable, so that the level of self–efficacy of offenders juvenile was lower than that of adolescents (mean and standard deviation in delinquent adolescents was 34.54±4.69 and in normal adolescents 62.9±4.2) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Personality traits, perceived attachment and self–efficacy are considered as effective psychological factors in the dimension of community–based behaviors. Therefore, attention to the role of parental attachment in childhood and the importance of personality traits can be effective in keeping children and adolescents safe from possible offenses.