كليدواژه :
استرس ادراك شده , سيستم هاي فعال ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتار , ويژگيهاي شخصيتي , بيماران قلبي
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: باوجود اهميت عوامل روان‌شناختي در بروز بيماري قلبي، در ايران تحقيقات بسيار اندكي دراين‌باره انجام شده است. هدف اين پژوهش پيش‌بيني استرس ادراك‌شده بر پايۀ سيستم‌هاي فعال‌ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتار و ويژگيهاي شخصيتي بود.
روش‌بررسي: روش تحقيق از نوع هم‌بستگي‌پيش‌بيني بود. جامعۀ آماري عبارت بود از: بيماران قلبي بستري در بيمارستان‌هاي قلب، شريعتي و شركت نفت شهر تهران در سال 1396 كه 150 نفر به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند. پرسش‌نامه‌هاي استرس ادراك‌شدۀ كوهن و همكاران (1983)، سيستم‌هاي رفتاري كارور و وايت (1994) و شخصيتي نئو (1992)، بين بيماران پخش گرديد و از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون هم‌بستگي پيرسون و تحليل رگرسيون چندگانۀ خطي جهت تجزيه و تحليل استفاده شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد هم‌بستگي بين استرس ادراك‌شده با سيستم‌هاي فعال‌ساز رفتاري و سيستم‌هاي بازدارندۀ رفتاري در بيماران قلبي مثبت و معنادار است (0٫001>، 0٫228 و 0٫284=R). هم‌بستگي استرس ادراك‌شده با بُعد روان‌رنجورخويي مثبت و با ابعاد برون‌گرايي و بازبودن منفي بود (0٫001>0٫20-؛ 0٫383-؛ 0٫458=R)؛ اما بين دو بعد ديگر شخصيت با استرس ادراك‌شده رابطۀ معناداري وجود نداشت. نتيجۀ رگرسيون نشان داد ضريب هم‌بستگي چندمتغيره بين متغيرهاي پيش‌بين و ملاك برابر با 0٫64 بود كه اين اندازه از هم‌بستگي، به ضريب تعيين 0٫41 منجر شد و ضريب تعيين تعديل‌يافته برابر با 0٫39 بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: نتيجۀ پژوهش دال بر اين است كه در حدود 39درصد از تغييرات در متغير وابسته (استرس ادراك‌شده)، از طريق ابعاد شخصيت و سيستم‌هاي فعال‌ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتاري قابل‌پيش‌بيني است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Heart disease is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Various biotic factors, including abnormal levels
of fatty acids in the blood, increased levels of bad cholesterol or low levels of lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, lack of physical
activity or exercise, overweight, aging, family history early heartbeat coronary heart disease, makes people susceptible to heart disease. However,
several studies have shown that these factors alone do not play a determining role in the development of these diseases, but psychological factors
and personality factors also have a significant impact on the disease. In Iran, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death (about
64%). Since this is a mental illness, it is necessary to consider the combination of biological and psychological factors in the study of its effective
factors. Importance of psychological factors in the development of heart disease has been proved and there has been little research in Iran in this
regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict perceived stress based on activating and disabling systems of personality traits and
behaviors.
Methods: The research method was correlation–prediction type. The statistical population of this study was cardiac patients admitted to cardiac
department of Heart, Shariati and Naft hospitals, in 2018, which were selected by available method for 150 patients with heart disease. Perception
questionnaire Cohen et al. (1983), Carver and White's (1994) and Neo (1992) multifaceted personality–based systems of inhibition/activation
were distributed among patients. After performing the research and collecting, the necessary data to verify the hypothesis the research method
was Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis.
Results: Pearson correlation between perceived stress and behavioural activation systems and behavioural systems in cardiac patients was
positive and significant. Correlation coefficient between perceived stress and neuroticism was positive and with negative dimensions of
extroversion and openness, but there was no significant relationship between the other two dimensions of perceived stress. The result of
regression showed that the multivariate correlation coefficient between predictor and criterion variables was equal to 0.44. This correlation
coefficient resulted in a coefficient of 0.41. The adjusted adjustment coefficient equalled 0.39.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that about 39% of changes in the dependent variable (perceived stress) were predictable through
the dimensions of the personality and the activating and inhibiting systems of behaviour. The result of the current research suggests that
importance of personality dimensions and activating and inhibiting systems in predicting perceived stress in cardiac patients. High magnitude of
the determination coefficient indicated the importance of these factors, suggesting that therapists and counsellors should consider these predictors
of perceived stress to be rehabilitated to patients. The result of this study, in particular, supports role of the effect of behavioural inhibition system
in predicting perceived stress, which is essential for the rehabilitation of these patients as an intervening factor in the treatment of anxiety and
stress in cardiac patients.
