بررسي ارتباط تحمل ناكامي و نقص در تنظيم شناختي هيجان و تنيدگي ادراك‌شده با نشانگان افسردگي

Relationship between Perceived Stress, Frustration Tolerance, Cognitive Emotion Regulation with Depression Syndrome

زمينه و هدف: افسردگي، نشانگاني است كه براساس بيان لفظي يا غيرلفظي عواطف غمگين و اضطرابي يا حالت‌هاي برانگيختگي مشخص مي‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي ارتباط تحمل ناكامي و نقص در تنظيم شناختي هيجان و تنيدگي ادراك‌شده با نشانگان افسردگي در ميان كاركنان زندان مركزي يزد انجام پذيرفت. روش‌بررسي: اين تحقيق توصيفي از نوع همبستگي بود. جامعهٔ پژوهش را تمامي كارمندان زندان مركزي يزد در سال 96-1395 تشكيل دادند كه از بين آنان 120 نفر به‌صورت نمونه‌گيري تصادفي انتخاب شده و به پرسشنامه‌هاي تحمل ناكامي (هرينگتون، 2005)، تنظيم شناختي هيجان (گارنفسكي، 2001)، تنيدگي‌ ادراك‌شده (كوهن، 1983) و افسردگي (گلدبرگ، 1988) پاسخ دادند. به‌منظور تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها از روش همبستگي پيرسون و رگرسيون گام‌به‌گام استفاده شد. تحليل داده‌ها توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 21 در سطح 95درصد اطمينان صورت گرفت. يافته‌ها: يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش نشان داد ضريب همبستگي ميان افسردگي با تنيدگي ادراك‌شده مثبت و معنادار است (r=0.37, p<0.001). ازسوي‌ديگر بين افسردگي با نقص در تنظيم شناختي هيجان (r=0.28, p<0.001) و تحمل ناكامي (r=0.034, p<0.001) رابطهٔ منفي و معناداري مشاهده مي‌شود. نتايج تحليل رگرسيون گام‌به‌گام نيز حاكي‌از اين بود كه تحمل ناكامي و تنيدگي ادراك‌شده به‌ميزان 16درصد نمرهٔ كل افسردگي را تبيين مي‌كند (0٫05

Background & Objective: Depression mood is a state of affliction and escape from activity or unconsciousness and reluctance, and can affect one's thoughts, feelings, health, and wellbeing. People with depression can feel discomfort, anxiety, emptiness, frustration, and helplessness, loss of life, embarrassment, or restlessness. They may lose their passion for performing activities that are once enjoyable for themselves, lose their appetite and focus, have difficulty remembering details and make decisions, deal with problems in their relationships, thinking to suicide, and intend or do it. Depression causes insomnia, excessive sleep, tiredness, and burning digestive problems, or reduced body energy in some cases. Emotional self–regulation or regulation of emotion is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed. It can also be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions. Emotion self–regulation belongs to the broader set of emotion–regulation processes, which includes the regulation of one's feelings and the regulation of other people's feelings. Low frustration tolerance (LFT), or "short–term hedonism" is a concept utilized to describe the inability to tolerate unpleasant feelings or stressful situations. It stems from the feeling that reality should be as wished that any frustration should be resolved quickly and easily. People with low frustration tolerance experience emotional disturbance when frustrations are not quickly resolved. Behaviors are then directed towards avoiding frustrating events, which, paradoxically, leads to increased frustration and even greater mental stress. This study aimed to explore the relationship of frustration tolerance, defect in cognitive regulation, and perceived stress with depression syndrome among central prison employees. Methods: The present research method was correlational. The population of this study was 120 personnel of employee in central prison that were chosen by random sampling. The questionnaire of perceived stress scale (PSS) of Cohen, Goldberg depression scale (GDS), cognitive emotion regulation of Granfaski, and frustration tolerance questionnaire distributed, and the PSS is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. Items were designed to how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. The scale also includes several direct queries about current levels of experienced stress. Granfaski developed the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in 2001. Hassani updated this questionnaire based on Iran's condition. Alpha Cronbach of this questionnaire in this research was 0.78. Harington developed a frustration tolerance questionnaire in 2005; he made this questionnaire by using Ellis's theory; Babareisi updated this questionnaire based on Iran's condition. Goldberg depression questionnaire used to help determine the need to see a mental health professional for diagnosis and treatment of depression or to monitor mood. Aminpoor updated this questionnaire based on Iran's condition. For analyzing data, we use descriptive statistical (Pearson correlation) and inferential statistics (step by step regression). The data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: There was a meaningful correlation between depression and perceived stress (r=0.37, p<0.001). In addition, results showed there was negative correlation between frustration tolerance (r=0.034, p<0.001) and cognitive regulation (r=0.28, p<0.001). The result of step by step regression showed that perceived stress and frustration tolerance could predict depression. Conclusion: Regard to the correlation between frustration tolerances perceived stress and cognitive emotion regulation with depression, attention to these advised to all of the professions in this field.