اثربخشي آموزش مثبت نگري به شيوه گروهي بر افزايش شادكامي و كيفيت زندگي زنان سرپرست خانوار

effectiveness of positive group Training on increasing the happiness an‎d Quality Of Life of women heads of households

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﮕﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮ ﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮ ﺷﺶ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ اﻣﺪاد اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮﻓﯿﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـــﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن، ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ اﻣﺪاد اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮﻓﯿﺎن، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺳﭙﺲ از ﻣﯿﺎن زﻧﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮ ﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار آن ﻣﺮﮐﺰ، 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ورود ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را دارا ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ) ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه 15ﻧﻔﺮ(. ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮ ﺳ ﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐ ﺴﻔﻮرد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺪا ﺷﺖ ﭘﺎ ﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﮕﺮي اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭻ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ و ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺟﻠﺴﺎت دو ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي ﺑﻪد ﺳﺖآﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ ا ﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و tﻫﻤﺒﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷــﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺴـــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳـــﺖ ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﮕﺮي ﺷـــﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺳــﺮﭘﺮﺳــﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داده اﺳــﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺷــﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive training on increase happiness and quality of life of women heads of households was covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The study was a quasiexperimental research and conducted through the pre-test, post-test, and follow up design with control group. to select a sample from the centers Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Sufian , a center mode available selected and then the center of female-headed households under 30 were select based on inclusion criteria and assigned to the experimental and control group randomly (15 personseach group). Both groups responded to the World Health Organization Quality of Life and Happiness Questionnaires. In later stages of the study, on the experimental group, 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on Positive training was carried out while the control group received no trainig and after end sessions both quality of life and happiness questionnaires as the posttest was conducted, Data obtained using analysis of covariance and dependent t-test were analyzed. The results of covariance indicated significant and considerable increase in the happiness and quality of life in the experimental as compared with the control group at the post-test stage. These results were maintained in the 30 days follow-up stage, too. Overal results indicate that Positive training to happiness and quality of life of female-headed households has increased, based on the results of the present study, positive training can be used for improvement of happiness and quality of life in women heads of households.