فراتحليل كيفي پژوهش هاي ناظر بر زمينه ها و عوامل تغييرات خانواده ايراني

Qualitative meta-analysis of research on the context and factors of changes in the Iranian family

خانواده اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻃﯽ دﻫﻪﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳـﺖ. اﯾـﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات در اﺑﻌـﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار، ﻧﺮخ ازدواج و ﻃﻼق، ﻫﺪف از ازدواج و ... رخ داده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه اﺳـﺖ. روش اﻧﺠـﺎم اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺸـﺘﻤﻞ ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺮاﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﻣﺮور ﻧﻈﺎمﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﭘﺎﯾـﺎنﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺗﺤﺼـﯿﻼت ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ-ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳـﯿﺪهاﻧـﺪ. ﮐﺪﮔـﺬاري و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ دادهﻫـﺎ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧـﺮماﻓـﺰار MAXQDA اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 57 ﻣﻮرد از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه در اﯾﺮان از ﺳﺎل 1380 ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺪه ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ: 1. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زﻧﺎن ﺳـﺒﺐ ارﺗﻘـﺎء ﺟﺎﯾﮕـﺎه آﻧـﺎن در ﻫﺮم ﻗﺪرت ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ 2. ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺳﺎزي ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ارزﺷﯽ در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ؛ 3. ﭘﺎﯾﮕـﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮ ارزشﻫﺎي اﻋﻀﺎي آن اﺛﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﯿﺰ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪي و ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎدي از اﻧﺪوﺧﺘﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﯾﺮان اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻘﺎطء ﺧﻼء در اﯾﻦ ﺣـﻮزه ﮐـﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨـﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The Iranian family has undergone many changes in recent decades. These changes have occurred in different aspects of the family including household size, marriage and divorce rates, the purpose of marriage, and so on. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family changes based on existing research in this area. The methodology of this study includes qualitative meta-analysis and systematic review. The target group is all research that has been published in the form of thesis and research papers. Data coding and analysis is done using MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the purpose of the present research, 57 studies in Iran from 2001 onwards were studied. Besides descriptive analysis, the reviewed documents were evaluated in different aspects. The findings of this study indicate that there are three main factors led to changes in the Iranian family: 1. The education and employment of women has promoted their status in the family power hierarchy; 2. Modernization processes have caused changes in the value system of the Iranian family. ; 3. The socio-economic status of the family affects the values ​​of its members. At the end of the study, a critical conclusion and evaluation of the existing knowledge in the field of family studies in Iran have been presented and the weak points in this area that require further research are identified.