اثربخشي آموزش خودمراقبتي بر كيفيت زندگي، رفتارهاي خودمراقبتي و قند خون در سالمندان فاقد رفتارهاي خودمراقبتي

The Effectiveness of Self-Care Training on Quality of Life, Self-Care Behaviors and Blood Sugar in Elderly Lacking Self-Care Behaviors

ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻓﺎﻗﺪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ داراي ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺟﺴﻤﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﺎن ﮐﻤﮏ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖزﻧﺪﮔﯽ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮن در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻓﺎﻗﺪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ دﯾﺎﺑﺘﯽ داراي ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 54 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺴﺎوي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ 6 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 60 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي آﻣﻮزش ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ ﻣﻬﺪي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران را درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺮد و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻧﺪﯾﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻟﯿﭙﺎد، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﻧﻈﺮﺷﺪه رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ دﯾﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﻮﺑﺮت و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران و ﺗﺴﺖ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮن ﺟﻤﻊآوري و در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 19 ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﮏﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖزﻧﺪﮔﯽ، رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ )0/05>P(، اﻣﺎ در ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )0/05

Elderly with no self-care behaviors suffer from many physical and psychological problems and self-care training can help them. Therefore, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly lacking self-care behaviors. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population included diabetic elderly men who had records in health care centers of Mashhad city, 2019 year. Reviewing inclusion criteria, 54 samples were selected through objective sampling method and were randomly divided to two groups. Experimental group were trained on self-care training by Mahdi and et al. in 6 sessions of 60-minutes; however, the control group didn’t receive training. Data were collected using LEIPAD elderly quality of life questionnaire, Toobert et al. revised scale for self-care behaviors among elderly and blood sugar tests, which were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 19. The results showed no significant difference in terms of quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in experiment and control groups pretests (P>0/05); though, in posttests, there were significant differences in terms of all three variables (P<0/05). In other words, self-care training led to an increase in quality of life and self-care behaviors while decreased blood sugar in elderly (P<0/05). According to the results, it was recommended that health professionals and therapists use self-care training method along with other training and therapeutic methods to improve quality of life and self-care and reduce blood sugar especially in elderly with no self-care behaviors.