اثر پيش‌درماني تمرينات هوازي بر سلول‌هاي پوركينژ مخچۀ رت‌هاي مبتلا به پاركينسون داراي استرس پريناتال

Pre-treatment aerobic exercises on cerebellar Purkinje cells in Parkinson’s rats with prenatal stress

هدف: هدف پژوهش، بررسي اثر پيش‌درماني و حفاظتي تمرينات هوازي بر سلول‌هاي پوركينژ مخچۀ رت‌هاي پاركينسون داراي استرس پريناتال بود. روش‌بررسي: روش اين پژوهش از نوع تجربي بود. تعداد 48 نوزاد رت نر سي‌روزه كه نيمي از آن‌ها تحت استرس پريناتال بودند، به‌طور تصادفي در 8 گروه با استرس و بدون استرس (گواه، شم، پاركينسون، تمرينات هوازي + پاركينسون) قرار گرفتند. پس از 8 هفته تمرينات هوازي، با القاي 6-OHDA پاركينسوني و علائم پاركينسون توسط آزمون آپومورفين تأييد شد. مغز و مخچه نمونه‌برداري شد و دربارۀ تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ مطالعۀ بافت‌شناسي صورت گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از SPSS و آزمون‌هاي تي‌ مستقل، آناليز واريانس يك‌طرفه و توكي در سطح (0٫05≥p) تحليل شد. يافته‌ها: تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ گروه گواهِ با استرس، به‌طور معنا‌داري كمتر از گروه گواه بدون استرس بود (0٫001≥p). القاي 6-OHDA، باعث كاهش تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ گروه‌هاي پاركينسوني شد (0٫001≥p). اين كاهش در گروه پاركينسوني با استرس پريناتال بيشتر مشاهده شد (0٫05≥p). گروه‌هاي پاركينسوني با و بدون استرس + تمرينات هوازي، افزايش معناداري در تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ نشان دادند كه اين اختلاف (0٫001≥p) معنادار بود. استرس پريناتال باعث كاهش اثرات سودمند ورزش بر تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ مخچه شد (0٫017=p). نتيجه‌گيري: با توجه به يافته‌هاي پژوهش، به نظر مي‌رسد استرس پريناتال به‌طور محسوسي باعث كاهش بيشتر تعداد سلول‌هاي پوركينژ رت‌هاي پاركينسوني مي‌شود. تمرينات هوازي اثرات منفي استرس پريناتال را كاهش داد و نيز كاهش اثرات منفي پاركينسون بر تغييرات سلول‌هاي پوركينژ مخچه مشاهده شد. نتايج، نشان‌دهندۀ سودمندبودن تأثير فعاليت‌هاي هوازي بر حفاظت سلول پوركينژ مخچۀ بيماران پاركينسوني داراي استرس پريناتال بود.

Background & Objective: Pathophysiological and atrophic changes in the cerebellum have been proven one of the reasons for embryonic stress in Parkinson's patients. Without compensatory activity, such abnormalities can have widespread effects on the motor and non–motor movement of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the pre–treatment effects of aerobic exercises on Purkinje cells of cerebellum in Parkinson's rats with fetal stress. Methods: The research method was experimental. A total of 40 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups with and without stress. The stress–related group was subjected to immobilization stress from day 8 to 21 for 3 hours each day. A total of 26 neonates with prenatal stress and 26 neonates with prenatal stress (30 days old) were randomly assigned to groups. There was eight groups including control group 1 (without perinatal stress, motionless, healthy, n=6), sham group 1 (without perinatal stress, motionless, n=6), sham group 2 (with perinatal stress, motionless, n=6), experimental group 1 (without perinatal stress, treatment, motionless, n=6), experimental group 2 (without perinatal stress, treatment, treadmill exercises, n=8), control group 2 (with perinatal stress, healthy, without activity, n=6), experimental group 3 (with perinatal stress, treatment, no activity, n=6), experimental group 4 (with stress perinatal, treatment, treadmill exercises, n=8). Aerobic training groups performed aerobic exercises on the treadmill five days a week for 8 weeks. In order to introduce animals with treadmill and minimize the stress of rats, they were practiced extensively on the treadmill for 3 days before the start of the protocol (3 days, 10 minutes, speed 12 meters per minute). Animals were reluctant to run on treadmill during the introduction. The main training program was progressive and included a 25– minute ran at speeds of 15 m/min in the first week and 64 minutes ran at a speed of 22 m/min in the eighth week. To create the Parkinson's model, the substantia nigra was destroyed by injecting 5μg of 6–hydroxy dopamine solution into the substantia nigra. Three weeks after surgery and Apomofin rotation test, animals sacrificed and the brain extracted from the skull, and after the procedure, tissue passage, cutting and staining, the number of cerebral pourkingia cells counted using a microscope. To normalize the distribution of dependent variables from Shapirowilk and assume the equality of variances, Levin test and one–way variance for intergroup change were used. Results: Perinatal stress caused a significant decrease in the number of pourkingia cells. Therefore, the number of control cells in the control group was significantly lower than the control group without stress (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the control and sham groups without stress and between control and sham groups with stress (p<0.001). Injection of 6–OHDA poison reduces the number of Parkinson's cerebral pourkingia cells an‎d the mean number of pourkingia cells in the Parkinson's with stress and Parkinson's without prenatal groups was lower than the mean number of pourkingia cells in the control groups (p<0.001). This decrease was observed in Parkinson's group with prenatal stress (p=0.011). Parkinsonian groups with stress and no stress+aerobic training showed a significant increase in the number of porcini cerebellar cells, which showed a significant difference at the level (p<0.001). Prenatal stress also reduced the beneficial effects of exercise on the number of pourkingia cells in the cerebellum (p=0.017). Conclusion: Prenatal stress seems to significantly reduce the number of Parkinsonian rats' pourkingia. Aerobic exercises have reduced the negative effects of prenatal stress and the reduction of the negative effects of Parkinson's on the changes in the pourkingia cells of the cerebellum. The results of the beneficial effects of aerobic activity on the protection of pourkingia cell cells in Parkinson's patients show prenatal stress.