اثربخشي آموزش پذيرش و تعهد بر نگرش‌هاي ناكارآمد و ناگويي خلقي زنان افسرده

Education Acceptance- Commitment Therapy on Dyfunctional Attitudes, Alexithymia of Depressed Women

زمينه و هدف: عوامل زيادي ازجمله نگرش‌هاي ناكارآمد و ناگويي خلقي، وضعيت روان‌شناختي زنان افسرده را تحت تأثير قرار مي‌دهد. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعيين اثربخشي آموزش پذيرش و تعهد بر نگرش‌هاي ناكارآمد و ناگويي خلقي زنان افسرده بود. روش‌بررسي: در اين پژوهش كاربردي از نوع نيمه‌آزمايشي با طرح پيش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه در سال 1397، تعداد 30 نفر از زنان افسردهٔ مراجعه‌كننده به مركز مشاوره راه بهتر، در ناحيهٔ 4 تهران به‌صورت نمونه‌گيري هدفمند انتخاب‌ شده و به‌صورت تصادفي در گروه‌هاي آزمايش و گواه قرار گرفتند. براي جمع‌آوري داده‌هاي پژوهش از پرسشنامه‌هايي افسردگي بك (1979)، نگرش‌هاي ناكارآمد اليس (1978) و مقياس ناگويي خلقي بگبي و همكاران (1994) استفاده شد. مداخلهٔ درماني مبتني‌بر پذيرش و تعهد در هشت جلسه براي گروه آزمايش برگزار شد، ولي براي گروه گواه هيچ مداخله‌اي اعمال نگرديد و از هر دو گروه پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به عمل آمد. داده‌ها به كمك نرم‌افزار SPSS-22 و با استفاده از آمار توصيفي و آزمون تحليل كوواريانس تجزيه‌وتحليل آماري شدند؛ سطح معنا‌داري 0٫01 در نظر گرفته شد. يافته‌ها:‌ نتايج نشان داد ميانگين نمرات گروه آزمايش در مقايسه با گروه گواه در نگرش‌هاي ناكارآمد و مؤلفه‌هاي آن (30٫22± 100٫50 و 28٫93± 87٫58) و ناگويي خُلقي و مؤلفه‌هاي (6٫42±65٫16 و 7٫86±55٫08) آن كاهش يافت كه اين تفاوت‌ها ازلحاظ آماري معنا‌دار بود (0٫001

Background & Objective: Depression is an emotional disorder characterized by changes in mood and excitement. This disorder is a chronic, recurrent, and potentially life-threatening disorder, with symptoms of dissatisfaction, loss of strength and past interests, low self-confidence, feelings of sadness and sin, changes in appetite, and sleep patterns. The prevalence of it in women is almost twice that of men and has the highest prevalence of life expectancy (about 17%) among psychiatric disorders. This impairment leads to personal and family harm, occupational destruction, and interpersonal communication, and generally does not have a focus on natural life. One of the effective factors in the emergence of depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals is based on cognitive models, cognitive distortions, and ineffective attitudes toward conditions. Ineffective attitudes, as an underlying factor in the onset of depression periods, are considered directly or as a vulnerability factor under perceived stress conditions. On the other hand, studies show the role of nougat mood as a personality trait in diagnosing and describing emotions and depression. Mood clutter or emotional deficiency as a cognitive-emotional phenomenon refers to a specific disorder in mental function, which results from the process of automatic inhibition of information and emotional emotions. Many factors, including dysfunctional attitudes and mood disorders, affect the psychological state of depressed women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of admission and commitment training on ineffective attitudes and mood disorder in depressed women. Methods: In this descriptive, semi-experimental study with a pre-test-posttest-control design with the control group in 2019, 30 depressed women referred to the counseling center in Tehran's 4th district were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 subjects for each group) were placed. The tools were the Beck Depression Inventory (1979), Ellis's inefficient attitudes (1978), and Goughby and colleagues (1994). Admission and commitment therapy conducted in eight sessions for the experimental group, but no intervention used for the control group, and from both groups, the pre-test and post-test performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (α=0.01). Results: The results showed that the mean scores of the experimental group compared with the control group in inefficient attitudes and its components (100.50±30.22, 87.58±28.93) and mood (65.16±6.42), the mean differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that admission and commitment therapy has been effective in decreasing dysfunctional attitudes and depression in depressed women. Therefore, the use of commitment and acceptance approach as an effective method in health centers can be implemented effectively. Thus, the use of admission and commitment therapy can help people to improve their psychological characteristics; therefore, counselors, therapists, and clinical psychologists can use the admission and commitment treatment method to reduce inefficient attitudes and mood disorders.