شواهد پژوهشي بخشايش‌گري در حوزهٔ ناتواني‌هاي تحولي و ذهني با تحليل آن بر تعامل مادر-كودك

The Evidence Based Research on Forgiveness in the Intellectual, Developmental Disabilities Area, and its analysis on Mother-Child Interaction

زمينه و هدف: آسيب‌ها و رنج‌هاي بين‌فردي ناشي‌از تعامل‌هاي اجتماعي، از چالش‌هايي است كه مادران كودكان با ناتواني‌هاي تحولي و ذهني با آن روبه‌رو هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسايي نقش بخشايشگري در حوزهٔ ناتواني‌هاي تحولي و ذهني و تحليل آن بر تعامل مادر-كودك در خانواده‌هاي افراد با اين ناتواني‌ها انجام شد. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعهٔ مروري‌روايتي بود كه با استفاده از كليدواژه‌هاي تخصصي Mental Retardation, Intellectul-Adabtive Disabilities،Mothers of children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Child-Mother Interaction ، Forgiveness در پايگاه‌هاي اطلاعات پژوهشي شامل Pumped، Springer، ProQuest، Scopus، Elsevier، Science direct و Google Scholar يافته‌ها و اطلاعات مد‌نظر در بين سال‌هاي 1984تا2017 تحت واكاوي قرار گرفت. يافته‌ها: هفت مقاله در ارتباط با نقش بخشايشگري با ناتواني‌هاي تحولي و ذهني بوده كه تنها يك‌پژوهش به‌صورت مسقيم به بررسي تأثير بخشايشگري در تعامل مادر-كودك در حوزهٔ ناتواني پرداخته است. نتيجه‌گيري: با استفاده از بخشايشگري، روابط آسيب‌ديدهٔ والدين كودكان داراي ناتواني‌هاي تحولي و ذهني را مي‌توان بهبود بخشيد و از اين طريق به بهترشدن تعامل مادر-كودك و تأمين سلامت رواني خانواده كمك كرد.

Background & Objective: Intellectual and developmental disabilities is a neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significant limitations both in mental function includes learning process, memory, reasoning and problem solving and in adaptive skills (social practical and conceptual). This condition covers a range of everyday social and practical skills and independence life. This disability originates before the age of 18. Birth of the children with intellectual and developmental disabilities brings major challenges to society as well as families due to their cognitive, affective and behavioral deficits. Traumas, hurts and interpersonal pains caused by personal interactions are one of these challenges that mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities have experienced. Forgiveness defined as a letting go of negative affect (e.g., hostility), negative cognition (e.g., thoughts of revenge), and negative behavior (e.g., verbal aggressive) in response to considerable injustice. In addition, it may involve responding positively toward to offender (e.g., compassion). The aim of this project was to identifying the role of forgiveness on improvement of mother–child interaction and other related variable to interpersonal relation such as mental health, marital satisfaction and psychological well–being in families of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Methods: In the current research, a narrative review method was applied. In the same vein with use of key words includes mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, child–mother interaction and forgiveness at database which are PubMed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, and in local data base (Iran) in the Magiran, Sid database, thesis between 1984–2017 was conducted in accordance with research objectives to executed current study. Results: Seven research was related to forgiveness, intellectual, and developmental disabilities. Only on direct project had been studied about the effectiveness of forgiveness on mother–child interaction. This project was carried out in Tehran (capital city of Iran) among 24 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Statistical population in the study was consisted of students mother with intellectual disabilities in academic year of 2013–2014, experimental group had been improved in marital satisfaction, mental health indexes, and mother– child interactions because of intervention. The forgiveness is one of the important positive psychological variables that can be helps the parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities through healing interpersonal relationship impairments through decreasing the negative emotions and increasing marital satisfaction and psychological mental health. It reduce the problems of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and had a positive impact on mother–child interactions of the family as well. Conclusion: With use of forgiveness, will be improved impaired relations of the children parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This method can help mother–child interactions, providing mental health, and marital satisfaction of families. It also could be used with mother of children with intellectual disabilities as well as other groups.