چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: والدگري، حرفه‌اي پيچيده و استرس‌زا و براي برخي با احساس خستگي و فقدان انرژي لازم براي رسيدگي و مراقبت از فرزندان همراه است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نقش متغيرهاي زمينه‌اي مرتبط با والد و فرزند در خستگي و فرسودگي ناشي‌از وظايف فرزندپروري انجام شد.
روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش توصيفي و از نوع همبستگي بود. نمونۀ پژوهش را 149 مادر شامل 67 نفر داراي فرزند با ناتواني جسمي-حركتي و ناشنوا و 82 نفر با فرزند بدون ناتواني تشكيل دادند كه به‌ترتيب با مراجعه به مراكز توان‌بخشي معلولان تحت پوشش ادارۀ كل بهزيستي و مراكز عمومي شهر در فاصلۀ تابستان تا پاييز سال 1397 به‌شيوهٔ دردسترس و داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهاي سنجش پرسشنامهٔ حاوي متغيرهاي زمينه‌اي والد-فرزند (محقق‌ساخته) و مقياس سنجش فرسودگي والديني (رزكام و همكاران، 2017) بود. رابطهٔ متغيرها و سهم پيش‌بين آن‌‌ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگي پيرسون و رگرسيون خطي چندگانه در محيط SPSS نسخهٔ 24 تجزيه‌وتحليل شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه بين طول مدت ازدواج (0٫04=، 0٫18-=r) و سطح تحصيلات مادران با فرسودگي والديني (0٫041= 0٫21-=r) رابطۀ منفي معنادار و بين داشتن فرزند داراي ناتواني و فرسودگي والديني رابطۀ مثبت معنادار مشاهده مي‌شود (0٫042=، 0٫17=r). همچنين يافته‌ها مشخص كرد كه سطح تحصيلات مادران (0٫003= 0٫25-=β) و طول مدت ازدواج (0٫007=، 0٫22-=β) درمجموع سهم بيشتري را در پيش‌بيني فرسودگي والديني دارد.
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاضر، توجه به متغيرهاي زمينه‌ساز فرسودگي مادران به‌عنوان مراقبان دائمي و پرورش‌دهندگان فرزندان امري ضروري در توسعه و غناي روابط والد-فرزندي محسوب مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Children are a source of energy and happiness for parents, however, if the parent–child interactions are viewed in
the family context, it can be seen that parenting is a complex and stressful career and for some people. It is associated with a feeling of exhaustion
and lack of energy due to caring of their children. This lack of energy and necessary physical and mental resources for the management of
children goes so far as cause to exhaustion and tiredness from parenting role, the emotional distance of children, and the loss of parental
efficiency. Therefore, functioning as important dimensions of parental burnout in parents and especially for mothers who are considered as
permanent caregivers of children in the family. The parental burnout that has recently been affected by burnout in the professional environment
entered to psychological literature and in the context of parent–child interactions, it is associated with environmental, personality, and
demographic variables and in the case of stability, cause to negative psychological and physical consequences for children and caregiver. The
purpose of current study was to investigate the role of demographic variables in burnout and exhaustion caused by parenting tasks.
Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers, including mothers
of children with disability and mothers with non–disabled children living in Qazvin city (North of Iran), among them the research sample consist
of 149 mothers including 67 mothers of children with physical–motor and deafness disability and 82 mothers with non–disabled children were
selected. Mothers with a disabled child were selected by referring to rehabilitation centers of the disabled under supervise of the general
department of welfare and mothers of children with no disabilities were sampled from the public centers of the city, such as parks, sport clubs
and cultural centers between summer to autumn of 2018 by convenient and voluntary sampling. After explaining the purpose of the study, taking
consent of mothers to participate in the study and ensuring them about confidentiality of their information, they completed the measurement
tools. These scales included a questionnaire containing the demographic variables related to parent–child (researcher–made) and parental burnout
assessment (Roskam et al., 2017) consist of four dimensions emotional exhaustion, contrast with parenting role in the past, loss of parental
accomplishment and emotional distancing. In the present study, the reliability of the subscales and the total scale were 0.91, 0.90, 0.88, 0.69 and
0.96 respectively. Regarding to the aim of the study, to examine the relationship between demographic variables in predicting parental burnout,
Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used.
Result: Among the parent–related variables, including the age of the mother, the number of children, the level of mother's education, the length
of marriage, the age of the mother's marriage, the status of mother's job and child–related variables, including the age of the oldest child and the
child's health status that entered into the correlation analysis the results showed the significant negative correlation between the length of marriage
(r=–0.18, p=0.04) and the education level of mothers with parental burnout (r=–0.21, p=0.014). There was a significant positive correlation
between having a child with disability and parental burnout (r=0.17, p=0.042). Among the variables entered in the regression analysis the results
also showed that the education level of mothers (β= –0.25, p=0.003) and the length of marriage had the most power in predicting parental burnout
(β= –0.22, p=0.007).
Conclusion: The presence of child in the interaction field of couples, especially the child with special needs, imposes the responsibilities beyond
the ability of parents particularly, to mothers. Based on the result of the current study considering the variables that cause burnout and exhaustion
of in mothers as permanent caregivers and main educators of children is essential in development and richness of parent–child relationships and
family stability.
