كليدواژه :
پيشگيري , زلزله , علل ارتكاب جرم , فضاي جرم
چكيده فارسي :
تمركز بر امداد و نجات به‌عنوان اقدامات اوليه پس از زلزله و اسكان و بازسازي به‌عنوان اقدامات ثانويه، موجب شده كه به موضوع جرايمِ پس از زلزله كمتر توجه شود. در‌حالي كه به‌ويژه اگر زمين‌لرزه در شهري بزرگ واقع شده و تلفات جاني و مالي زيادي داشته باشد، جرايمي كه پس از زلزله واقع مي‌شود، بسيار زياد و متنوع و داشتن برنامۀ قبلي براي پيشگيري و مديريت آنها ضروري خواهد بود. جرايمي كه پس از رويداد زلزله امكان ارتكاب آنها وجود دارد به‌شدت تحت تأثير عوامل اجتماعي، اقتصادي و محيطي (جغرافيايي) است. اين جرايم را مي‌توان به جرايم زلزله‌زدگان و جرايم فرصت‌طلبان دسته‌بندي كرد. جرايمي كه قربانيان زلزله مرتكب مي‌شوند، اغلب مبتني بر نياز فوري يا مشكلات روحي- رواني است. حال آنكه فرصت‌طلبان از فرصت به‌وجود‌آمده بر اثر زلزله براي پيشبرد اهداف غيرقانوني و غيراخلاقي خود بهره مي‌گيرند. اين مقاله پس از بررسي علل ارتكاب و افزايش بزهكاري در فضاي زلزله، به معرفي نهادهاي مرتبط با پيشگيري از جرم در زلزله مي‌پردازد و سرانجام دربارۀ جنبه‌هاي چندرشته‌اي طراحي نظام پيشگيري از جرم پيش و پس از رويداد زلزله بحث مي‌كند. با وجود تحقيقات متعدد در زمينۀ جرم‌شناسي حوادث و بحران‌هاي طبيعي، پژوهش مستقلي كه به موضوع پيشگيري از جرم پس از رخداد زلزله بپردازد انجام نگرفته است. اين مقاله، ضمن تبيين ضرورت اجراي راهبرد مديريت بحران، پيش از زلزله و اتخاذ تصميمات پيشگيرانه براي كاستن از آثار زيانبار و به‌ويژه بزهكاري ناشي از فضاي بعد از زلزله، در پايان با تقسيم جغرافيايي كانون بحران و حوزۀ مديريت آن، راهكارهاي عملي و اجرايي ارائه مي‌كند. مقالۀ حاضر از اين نظر داراي نوآوري است و مي‌تواند مبنايي براي پژوهش‌هاي بيشتر و چندرشته‌اي قرار گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Concentrate on rescue after occurrence of earthquake in residential areas and accommodation, housing and reconstruction as secondary operations are affecting the problem of crimes after the earthquake. Especially if an earthquake is happen in a metropolis or in a vast area, the commitment of crimes after that event will be an important matter. The diversity and increase of such offenses could encounter the state with a big problem. Therefore a big plan before the occurrence of earthquake will be necessary.
Offenses that may be committed after the earthquake are strongly influenced by social, economic and environmental (geographical) factors. These crimes can be categorized as earthquake victims and opportunist crimes. The crimes committed by earthquake victims are often related to urgent need or psychological problems, but opportunists are individuals which using the opportunities created by the earthquake to serve their own illegal and immoral purposes.
In this paper I am discussing the causes of commitment and increase of crimes after earthquake as an event. The role of governmental and non-governmental organization in the control and prevention from these crimes has been discussed, too.
Concentrate on rescue after occurrence of earthquake in residential areas and accommodation, housing and reconstruction as secondary operations are affected the problem of crimes after the earthquake. Especially if an earthquake is happen in a metropolis or in a vast area, the commitment of crimes after that event will be an important matter. The diversity and increase of such offenses could encounter the state with a big problem. Therefore a big plan before the occurrence of earthquake will be necessary.
In this paper I am discussing the causes of commitment and increase of crimes after earthquake as an event. The role of governmental and non-governmental organization in the control and prevention from these crimes has been discussed, too. Despite numerous researches into the criminology of natural disasters and crises and in this paper, while using many of them, they are also listed in references at the end of this paper, an independent study has not been conducted on the issue of crime prevention after an earthquake. This paper while explaining the need to implement pre-earthquake crisis management strategy and making preventive decisions to reduce harmful effects, especially post-earthquake offenses, in the end, with the geographical division of the crisis center and its management area, provides practical and executive solutions. This paper is therefore innovative and can serve as a basis for further and multidisciplinary researches
