رابطه بين متغيرهاي هوش معنوي والدين و معلمان و شادكامي دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدايي: نقش واسطه‌گري بهزيستي معنوي دانش‌آموزان

The Relationship between the Parent's and Teachers' Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness of Elementary School Students: Mediating Role of Students' Spiritual Well-Being

هدف اين پژوهش تعيين تأثير ميانجي گري بهزيستي معنوي دانش آموزان در رابطه بين هوش معنوي والدين و معلمان با شادكامي‌دانش آموزان بود. روش پژوهش توصيفي- همبستگي و جامعه آماري آن شامل كليه دانش آموزان (دختر و پسر) كلاس پنجم و ششم ابتدايي شهر شيراز در سال تحصيلي 97-96 بود. نمونه پژوهش به شيوه نمونه گيري تصادفي سيستماتيك انتخاب شدند. معلمان و والدين به­ پرسشنامه هوش معنوي كينگ (King, 2008) و دانش آموزان به پرسشنامه هاي بهزيستي معنوي پالوتزين و اليسون (Paloutzian and Ellison,1991) و شادكامي‌ اكسفورد(Oxford, 2002) پاسخ دادند. روايي و پايايي ابزارها محاسبه و مطلوب بدست آمد. سؤالات پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار AMOS22 تحليل شدند. نتايج تحليل هاي آماري نشان داد هوش معنوي معلمان و والدين هر دو بر بهزيستي معنوي دانش آموزان تأثير معني دار دارد. همچنين هوش معنوي معلمان و والدين هر دو بر شادكامي‌دانش آموزان تأثير معنادار نشان داد. علاوه بر اين بهزيستي معنوي دانش آموزان بر شادكامي‌آن ها نيز تأثير مثبت و معني داري نشان داد. نتايج تحليل ميانجي نشان داد كه اثر غير مستقيم هوش معنوي معلم بر شادكامي‌دانش آموز معني دار بود. هم چنين نتايج نشان داد كه اثر غير مستقيم هوش معنوي والدين بر شادكامي‌دانش آموز نيز معني دار بوده است. درنهايت يافته هاي بدست آمده حاكي از تأثير معنويت افراد تأثيرگذارهمچون معلمان و والدين بر بهزيستي معنوي دانش آموزان و همچنين شادكامي آنان است ونتايج لزوم توجه به معنويت در زندگي را مورد تأييد قرارداد.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of school students’ spiritual well- being in the relationship of the spiritual intelligence of parents and teachers with the students’ happiness. The research was of descriptive- correlational design and its statistical population included all school students (male and female) in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Shiraz city in the school year 2017- 2018. The research sample was selected through systematic random sampling. The teachers and parents responded to King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (2008) and the student responded to Spiritual Well- Being Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1991) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (2002). The calculations demonstrated the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the tools used. The research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS22 software. The results showed that the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on students’ spiritual well- being was significant. Also, the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on students’ happiness was significant. The results showed that students’ spiritual well- being had a positive and significant effect on their happiness. The results of mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of teacher’s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was significant. Moreover, the results indicated that the indirect effect of parent’s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was also significant. Finally, the findings indicated the effect of spirituality effective people such as teachers and parents on students’ spiritual well- being as well as their happiness and confirmed the need to pay attention to spirituality in life.