پديد آورندگان :
صبوري، طاهره دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران , ثروتي، محمدرضا دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - دانشكده علوم زمين - گروه جغرافياي طبيعي، تهران , جداري عيوضي، جمشيد دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - دانشكده علوم زمين - گروه جغرافياي طبيعي، تهران
كليدواژه :
شاخص هاي گردشگري پايدار , ژئوتوريسم , ژئوپارك , مناطق درفك و ديلمان استان گيلان
چكيده فارسي :
ژئوتوريسم از جمله مفاهيم جديد در ادبيات جغرافيايي و گردشگري است كه بر تعيين مكان هاي ويژه ي گردشگري ازمنظر زمين شناسي و ژئومورفولوژي تأكيد مي‌كند. محوريت مطالعاتي در اين شاخه ي علمي، تعيين مكان هاي ويژه ي گردشگري و تركيب نمودن آن با مواريث فرهنگي، تاريخي و اكولوژيكي به منظور دست يابي به توسعه پايدار گردشگري است. در اين ميان طرح ايجاد ژئوپاركها از سوي سازمان يونسكو با هدف حفاظت از ميراث هاي زمين شناختي، با برنامه هاي مديريتي خاص خود از بعد علمي ارائه شد. بنابراين مي‌توان چنين عنوان نمود كه رويكرد توسعه پايدار و نظام گرا، يكي از ضرورت هاي مديريت موثر در عصر حاضر براي توسعه صنعت گردشگري در سطح جهان است. در اين راستا هدف اصلي تحقيق بررسي تاثير توسعه ژئوتوريسم و ايجاد ژئوپارك بر شاخص هاي گردشگري پايدار بود. روش پژوهش همبستگي و همچنين روش نمونه گيري در اين تحقيق از نوع روش نمونه گيري قضاوتي هدفنمند و تعداد نمونه مورد مطالعه شامل 66 نفر از كارشناسان ارشد اداره كل ميراث فرهنگي، صنايع دستي و گردشگري در استان گيلان بودند. پس از جمع آوري داده ها به وسيله پرسشنامه هاي استاندارد، جهت ارزيابي روابط بين متغيرها از تكنيك مدل سازي معادلات ساختاري با رويكرد حداقل مربعات جزئي استفاده شد و به طور كلي كليه تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از طريق نرم افزارهاي SPSS و PLS انجام شد. نتيجه فرضيه هاي تحقيق حاكي از تاثير ژئوتوريسم و ژئوپارك بر شاخص هاي گردشگري پايدار در ابعاد مختلف (اقتصادي، اجتماعي، فرهنگي، سياسي، تكنولوژيكي و اكولوژيكي) داشت.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
In recent years, the tourism industry has become one of the largest economic sectors in the
world. According to statistics provided in 2015, the tourism industry accounts for 10% of global
GDP, 7% of global exports, and the worldwide employment rate, with 1 out of 11 jobs
estimated. Geotourism as a branch of nature tourism has a great potential for sustainable
development. Geopark is one of the ways to expand geotourism, recording unique geological
areas. Considering the potentials of the Deilman region, especially Dorfak and the surrounding
landforms, however, there have been no studies and studies on geotourism and geopark. The
main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of geotourism development and
creation of geopark on sustainable tourism indices.
Methodology
It is a correlational study. In correlation research, the purpose is to determine if there is a
relationship between two or more quantitative variables, and if so, what is its size and extent? In
correlation research, the purpose is to determine if there is a relationship between two or more
quantitative variables, and if so, what is its size and extent? The purpose of this study is to
investigate the quantitative relationship between the variables presented in the hypotheses and
their quantitative nature. A questionnaire was also used to collect data. The research method
was correlational as well as the sampling method in this research was a purposive judgmental
sampling method and the sample included 66 senior experts of the General Office of Cultural
Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism in Gilan province. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS and
SPSS software.
Results and Discussion
Gilan province with its central city of Rasht has been of great geopolitical importance from the
past to the present. Investigating the interaction between human and nature in the study area
indicates that two parameters of climate and slope are the final causes of formation of current
structure and its function. Climatic conditions of 22 ° C with appropriate temperature, mean
annual temperature, average annual precipitation is 1173 mm is the most important factor is soil
formation and the formation of vegetation is considered as broadleaf mixed with canopy
covering an average density of about 70%. The structure and function of existing habitats have
also played an important role in the process of soil evolution, erosion control, diversity of
ecological nets, and the propagation of wildlife. Even the livelihoods and socioeconomic status
of the forest dwellers and residents have been affected by the climatic phenomena of the region
and the function of forests. So that due to the altitude difference of 2400 meters at a horizontal
distance of about 10 kilometers, and the temperature difference and changing weather
conditions have led to vertical migration of foresters and some villagers in Dorfak region like
Zardkooh tribes of Bakhtiari. On the other hand, high slope of the region (70% of the region has
slope above 40%) has been the most important factor in preserving habitats. So that with
decreasing slope to the plain due to conversion of forest lands and agricultural lands, the amount
of forest decreased steadily. Eventually the rubble of the city of Sihakal is formed downstream
of the area, which is the result of such destruction. The steep slope has had a dual role for
residents and their activities.
Conclusion
The steep slope and the unfavorable topography have, however, prevented the development of
infrastructural structures such as the road, the city in the region, and consequently reduced the
concentration of population in the area. On the other side, the generations of foresters who have
been present in the region for generations have replaced their livelihoods with farming as
opposed to the plains. For this reason, forested families opted for optimal use of the forest space
by following the system of territoriality around the permanent springs of the area. Genesis 70
villages and 22 cow-pens mostly less than 10 households be due to following the above pattern.
This role of slope has been detrimental to forest growth and wildlife safety through the
expansion of livestock and small-scale dispersal. The area has a variety of forms of elevation,
deep valleys, high and steep slopes, forested lands and mountain ranges. In addition to the
natural landscape of the area, parts of it have been transformed by livestock and agricultural
activities, and as a result, the forests and rangelands of the thorns and the legal lands and
villages form the deformed parts of the region.
