بررسي توانمندسازي زنان فقير شهري با تاكيد بر نگرش مثبت شهروندي (مطالعه موردي: محله‌ي آخماقيه‌‌ي كلانشهر تبريز)

Investigation of City Poor Women Empowerment Focused on Citizenship Positive Viewpoint (Case Study: Akhmagiyeh Sector, Tabriz Metropolitan)

توانمندسازي زنان فقير شهري با تاكيد بر نگرش مثبت شهروندي، به عنوان يك رويكرد نوين انگيزش دروني در زنان است كه مي‌تواند بسترهايي را به وجود آورد كه فرصت هايي را براي شكوفايي استعدادها، توانايي‌ها و شايستگي زنان فقير شهري باشد. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، كاربردي بوده و ازنظر ماهيت و روش، توصيفي- تحليلي مي‌باشد. جامعه آماري تحقيق شامل خانوارهاي محله آخماقيه در شهر تبريز است كه در منطقه 7 شهرداري واقع شده است. حجم نمونه بر اساس مدل اصلاح‌شده كوكران 342 نفر برآورد شده است. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌هاي تحقيق از مدل حداقل مجذورات جزئي در نرم افزار Warp-PLS استفاده شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه بيشترين تاثير در مدل ساختاري ير متغيرهاي توانمندسازي و نگرش مثبت شهروندي به ترتيب متغيرهاي موثر بودن با ضريب تاثير 0/362 و خود رضايتمندي با ضريب تاثير0/410 بوده است. همچنين كمترين ثاثير در مدل ساختاري براي اين متغيرها به ترتيب براي متغيرهاي نگرش مثبت شهروندي با ضريب تاثير 0/172 و تحمل‌پذيري با ضريب تاثير 0/215 بوده است. در اين تحقيق مدل ضرايب تعيين متغيرهاي وابسته نشان مي‌دهد كه 13/4 درصد از واريانس متغير توانمند‌سازي را متغيرهاي وارد شونده بر آن توجيه مي‌كند. همچنين نتايج آزمون استون- گيسر، كه براي متغير وابسته توانمندسازي برابر با 0/152 و براي متغير نگرش مثبت شهروندي برابر با 0/138 محاسبه شده است، نشان مي‌دهد كه مدل در نظر گرفته شده، ظرفيت و توان پيش بيني لازم را دارد.

Introduction Women were subjected against poverty and sexual discrimination more than men. The reason of this case refer to women haven’t requirement facilities and capabilities for empowerment and poverty reducing. Barriers and many limitations in women social and economic base changing were affected by legal and cultural factors and they cause to face with problem for poverty removing. Also women deprived facilities and capabilities in order to poverty reducing. Concerning about joining group of women to “the highest poor persons “cause to investigating different surveys such as women empowerment. United Nations declared women empowerment in extensive level as a one of main aims in 3rd millennium. City poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint as an internal new motivation in women can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. One of Tabriz metropolitan city spaces that contain many poor city women is Akhmagiyeh sector that it was is located in South-west part. This sector was one of of villages around Tabriz and it was recognized as new sectors after city development. Akhmagiyeh sector was located in 7 region municipality Existence of these spaces in Tabriz metropolitan show necessity of city poor women empowerment. In current research we tried to investigate city poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint. Methodology Current research followed by applied knowledge development for investigation city poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint, and also it is applied according to aim, and it is descriptive- analytic according to nature and method. Statistical society of current research includes Akhmagiyeh sector families in Tabriz city that mentioned sector was located in 7 region municipality. Sample size was estimated 362 persons based on Kokeran modified model and it was reduced to 342 persons. In order to research data analyzing, partial squares least were used in Warp-PLS software. Also Eston – Gaser test was used for anticipation power and capacity in mentioned model. Results and Discussion In current research most of participants are in 35 to 40 years old range and they have B.A. academic degree. By using PLS model in Warp-PLS software in current research, structural variable indices, internal consistency (Structure validity) and also difference reliability and convergence reliability were analyzed and results showed that, independent variables effectiveness, significant, competency, effectiveness and self-determining were confirmed on empowerment independent variable. The independent variables effectiveness such as resistant, personal innovation, self- satisfaction, personal growth and participation were confirmed on citizenship positive viewpoint independent variable effect and helpful behaviors independent variable were rejected on mentioned variable. Citizenship positive viewpoint was confirmed on empowerment variable. In table, if obtained coefficients are high, they will show more effectiveness of variable function. In structural model, self-satisfaction variable with 0/410 coefficient has the most effect on citizenship positive viewpoint and also resistant variable with 0/215 coefficient has the least effect on mentioned variable. In mentioned dependent variable; empowerment has the most effect with 0/362 coefficient and citizenship positive viewpoint has the least effect with 0/172 coefficient. Based on Eston – Gaser test and because Gaser tes amounts were calculated more than zero; it show that regarded model has requirement anticipation power and capacity. Eston – Gaser test coefficient was equal with 0/138 for citizenship positive viewpoint and it was equal with 0/152 for empowerment variable. Conclusion Research results showed that competency, effectiveness, self-determining factors have positive and significant effect on empowerment factor. Also, resistant, Personal innovation, selfsatisfaction, personal growth and participation have positive and significant effect on citizenship positive viewpoint. Helpful behavior parameter had not positive effect on citizenship positive viewpoint. It is evident citizenship positive viewpoint effect on empowerment variable according to research results. Existence of positive and strong internal & external relationship between empowerment and citizenship positive viewpoint in studied sector cause to we believe that , resistant , Personal innovation , self-satisfaction , personal growth and participation can cause to improve empowerment index factors . (Significant, effectiveness, competency, selfdetermining) Really , presented factors are as key for city poor women empowerment in studied sector and they are consistent with Kaldy’s and Salahshoori’s results (2012) and they regard social supporting effectiveness such as psychological empowerment , economical empowerment , empowerment based on representative and body power on women action and empowerment . Research results are consistent with Gholipour and Rahimian (2009) studies and they concluded that women of family supervisor have not various opportunity because of many roles and usually they have low level education and at last we can say ; training and education have positive effect in themselves family . Related recommendations of current research include: - Holding free psychological training classes about citizenship positive viewpoint for women - Holding Training workshops in order to women empowerment by presenting household job planning and creating personal innovation sense and themselves participation - Providing suitable bed for women availability to free training and education and creating themselves effectiveness sense