تحليل اثرات سرمايه اجتماعي بر بهبود تاب‌آوري روستاييان پيرامون مديريت بحران زلزله (مطالعه موردي: دهستان ازومدل شمالي، شهرستان ورزقان)

Analysis of Social Capital Effects on Improvement of Villagers Resiliency in the Management of Earthquake Crisis, (Case Study: North Ozomdul, Varzeghan County)

هدف اين مقاله مطالعه و تحليل اثرات سرمايه اجتماعي در بهبود تاب‌آوري روستاييان پيرامون مديريت سانحه زلزله در مناطق روستايي شهرستان ورزقان مي‌باشد. اين تحقيق از لحاظ هدف توسعه‌اي، و از لحاظ ماهيت، پيمايشي و نيز از نوع همبستگي است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش شامل همه روستاهاي آسيب ديده دهستان ازومدل شمالي و خانوارهاي ساكن در اين روستاها به تعداد 398 خانوار است كه از اين ميان تعداد 196 نفر با استفاده از فرمول كوكران و به روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي ساده به عنوان نمونه آماري انتخاب شدند. در اين تحقيق روش گرد‌آوري داده‌ها براي پاسخ‌گويي به سئوالات تحقيق، به دو صورت اسنادي (داده‌هاي ثانويه) و پيمايشي (داده‌هاي اوليه) و ابزار مورد استفاده در روش پيمايشي پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه بوده است. روايي صوري پرسش‌نامه توسط پانل متخصصان مورد تاييد قرار گرفت. مطالعه راهنما در منطقه مشابه جامعه آماري با تعداد30 پرسش نامه صورت گرفت و با داده‌هاي كسب شده و استفاده از فرمول ويژه آلفاي كرونباخ در نرم افزار SPSS، پايايي بخش‌هاي مختلف پرسش‌نامه تحقيق 0/72 الي 0/88 بدست آمد. در نهايت، نتايج، يافته‌هاي استنباطي تحقيق نشان داد كه به جز دو متغير ميزان انسجام اجتماعي و رضايتمندي بين تمامي متغيرهاي تحقيق با بهبود تاب‌آوري روستاييان در مناطق روستايي شهرستان ورزقان رابطه مستقيم و معناداري وجود دارد و در خاتمه، با توجه به تحليل نتايج پيشنهادات كاربردي ارائه شده است.

Introduction An important definition of resilience in environmental, rural and urban, and disaster literature is provided by Carl Folke (2006). Folke traces the roots of resilience to the ecological literature of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly work by Holling, which examined how populations of predators and prey maintained their functions and relationships in the face of sudden shocks and disturbances across time and space. What was significant about this idea was the way it challenged previous assumptions of environmental stability. It implied that “uncertainty and surprise is part of the game and you need to be prepared for it and learn to live with it” Since then, “resilience thinking” has inspired a generation of researchers in fields as diverse as ecological economics and social sciences. The approach is focused less on environmental control and more on how to cope, adapt, and manage over time in an unpredictable, dynamic world. Although many thinkers, welcomes the social turn in resilience research, some argues that resilience is not only about persistence or robustness in the face of disturbance; it is also increasingly used as a lens to understand how communities can innovatein the face of complex fast or slow changes by drawing on institutional memory and their ability to self-organize, recombine structures and processes, renew systems, and find new trajectories. Viewed in this way, disturbance creates “opportunity for doing new things, for innovation and for development and disasters such as flood and earthquake and etc. new findings emphasize this point the reinforcement of social capital have an important role on improvement of resilience in the rural areas. In this reason, the resiliency don’t establish on vacuum. Of course, the structure of cultural and social and institutional and etc. with reinforcement of social capital rebuild the villagers of resiliency against to natural disasters in the rural areas. Hence, the aim of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Methodology The purpose of the present was to study and analysis of social capital effects on improvement of villager’s resiliency in the management of earthquake crisis in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all damaged villages of north Ozomdul Dehstan and households residing in this villages (N=398) among which 196 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.80-0.86). Varzaqan County is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Varzaqan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 46,833, in 10,766 families. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Kharvana District. The county has two cities: Varzaqan and Kharvana. Result and Discussion The result of research showed that social capital is one of the most important elements of resiliency improvement against earthquake crisis through promoting of awareness, social confidence, social participation, and social cohesion and etc. with regarding of present research findings is suggested that must is focused to villagers public confidence by mass media and establishment of educational class and etc. the reinforcement of social capital is very vital for prompting of villagers resilience against earthquake crisis. Conclusion Moreover, as shown by the results of Pearson test, there are significant relation between the variables of awareness, social confidence, social participation, social communication, knowledge and information exchange and horizontal relations and improvement of villager’s resiliency in the rural areas of Varzeghan County. Finally, according to the study results, a number of recommendations also presented.