كليدواژه :
نظريه پخش فضايي , تصميم گيري , كارآفريني , زنان روستايي , جنسيت , روستاهاي كن و سولقان
چكيده فارسي :
در محيط هاي روستايي علاوه بر اينكه از نيروي كار زنان در زمينه هاي اقتصادي و كشاورزي بهره مي گيرند، نقش تصميم گيري و تصميم سازي آنها مي تواند عاملي بسيار مهم در حل مسائل مختلف اقتصادي و اجتماعي باشد؛ چراكه مشاركت زنان روستايي در تصميم گيري ها به عنوان فرايندي فعال در مسير توسعۀ روستايي از اهميتي قابل توجه برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر نيز با هدف تحليل عوامل موثر بر تصميم گيري زنان از لحاظ ماهيت توصيفي- تحليلي و از نظر هدف كاربردي مي باشد. جامعه آماري آن را پذيرندگان كارآفريني و نوآوري (پرورش و فروش نهال و گل و متعلقات مربوطه)، ساكن در 4 روستا از دهستان سولقان (كشارعليا، كشارسفلي، سولقان، كن)، كه تعداد آنها بالغ بر 82 خانوار يا به عبارتي 82 مرد پذيرنده و زنان آنها (در كل 164 نفر) مي باشد، تشكيل مي دهد. داده ها به دو صورت ميداني و كتابخانه اي با ابزارهايي چون: پرسشنامه، مصاحبه، كتب و مقالات گوناگون، جمعآوري شده اند و جهت تعيين پايايي و روايي ابزار مورد استفاده از روش آلفاي كرونباخ (0/799) (با مطالعه 20 نمونه) و روش اعتبار محتوا و قضاوت داوران و متخصصين استفاده شد. داده هاي به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون تحليل عاملي، كلموگروف- اسميرنوف و رگرسيون، مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفته اند. نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه؛ از نظر مردان عوامل اجتماعي- خانوادگي و شخصيتي در وهله اول بيشترين تاثير را بر فرايند تصميم گيري زنان و همچنين سرعت انتخاب آنان دارند و در درجه بعدي عوامل اقتصادي نقش تعيين كننده اي در اين فرايند و پذيرش نوآوري توسط آنان دارا مي باشد. و از نظر زنان به ترتيب عوامل اقتصادي، اجتماعي- خانوادگي و شخصيتي، بر فرايند تصميم گيري آنها نسبت به پذيرش كارآفريني، موثرند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of
people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development actions are
mainly and mostly to development aim for the social and economic development of the rural
areas. Rural development aims at finding the ways to improve the rural lives with participation
of the rural people themselves so as to meet the required need of the rural area. Most rural
residents in many developing countries are engaged in and depend on local agriculture, forestry,
and fishery resources to make a living. If the local people are final beneficiaries of development
assistance, the aim of rural development can be defined as the improvement of sustainable
livelihoods (especially impoverished groups), with careful attention paid to local characteristics.
The aim of the empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decisionmaking regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluate the main factors
which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of
entrepreneurship between women in the rural areas.
Methodology
The research mainly concentrated on research in villages such as Ksharolya, Ksharsofla,
souleghan, Kan that have considerable amount of entrepreneurs. The data has been collected by
questionnaire on the base of Likert model and the documentary method as well, interviews with
sample population also has been used to complete the questionnaire data. All entrepreneurs'
women in the research area have been chosen, so no random selection is used. The conducted
method is descriptive- analytical and on the base of goal it is an applied research. The statistical
population of the research is the entrepreneurs family who growing and selling plants and
flowers and living in 4 villages of the souleghan district (Ksharolya, Ksharsofla, souleghan,
Kan). The research statistical population is 2,713 people, which include 667 households in the
study area. All recipients of entrepreneurship and innovation that living in the 4 villages of
Kan- souleghan are included in the sample population of the research ,that they are about 82
men and their wives. The data has been collected through the field work and library- base. They
have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, books and various methods. Then the
collected data has been analyzed by Spss software by using stepwise regression testing and
combined model.
Result and Discussion
Innovation is the base of entrepreneurship that can led to changes in the society, but it must
have properties that are accepted. But it must have some features that make it attractive for
people to accept the new activity. However, people also need to have some characteristic to
accept a new phenomenon. Their results indicate that, primarily the family and social factors
and personality of respondents have a greatest impact on the decision-making process of women
in accepting an entrepreneurship, as well as their speed to make a decision. Finally, in the next
step economic factors play a considerable role in this process and to their acceptance of an
innovation.
The results show that social-family factors and personality together contribute to the decisionmaking process of women, and then economic factors have a decisive role. Positive view about
women's work, family and community support as well as spiritual and mental empowerment of
women provide the necessary conditions to increase the willingness and speed of decision
making among them. Also other elements such as, providing economic resources such as:
capital, space, and resources such as water, soil and other relevant requirements, can improve
their ability to manage an economic activity. Otherwise women will be faced with many
obstacles that affect their choices and decision and ultimately prevent the implementation of
their decisions and creating an entrepreneurship.
Conclusion
As it discussed in the article women in rural areas are very active in different type of agriculture
and other economic activities, however they constitute a significant proportion of the
unemployed. participation of women in entrepreneurship is severely low, that its range varies
significantly from country to country, and that, in spite of national variations, women
participation rates across country is measurable at about one-thirds that of men. These results
suggest that women are influenced by many of the same factors that affect men when making
entrepreneurial decisions. On the other hand, the systematically lower rate of female
participation indicates that some differences also exist. Unfortunately, the nature and causes for
these differences are not fully understood. In addition their role of decision-making can be a
very important factor for participating in economic and social issues. Because rural women's
participation in decisions as the process involved in rural development is very considerable.
