چكيده لاتين :
Marginalization is not a temporary problem and includes various social, cultural, and economic dimensions and consequences. This social phenomenon is just a matter of external characteristics, with a certain lifestyle, the most important of which is the rule and institutionalization of poverty culture in these areas.The choice of eastern Mazandaran is mainly due to the migration of some of the population of other deprived provinces, like Sistan and Baluchestan, etc. Also, a group of war-torn people in the south of the country (Khuzestan province), Azeri-speaking people as well as the existing internal migration. While the west of Mazandaran has often accommodated “wealthy” migrants, the cities in the central regions of Mazandaran do not face much marginalization due to their sufficient sources of income and cultural and demographic integration.
Method
The statistical population of this study is all marginalized people in the eastern area of Mazandaran province (Sari, Ghaemshahr, Neka) whose population according to the statistics of the east of Mazandaran province is equal to 78326 people.The sampling method in the present study is a quota based on the population of each of the cities with suburbs and clusters based on neighborhoods and suburbs in these cities, and then a simple or available coincidence.The sample size was calculated to be 384 people using the Cochran’s formula. The research data were collected by sampling multi-stage clusters from the suburbs of the mentioned cities of Sari (neighborhoods of Turk Mahalla, Rah-e-Band region), Neka (neighborhoods of Kuh-e-Khel, Surki Mahalleh, Ghanbarabad, Joki Mahalla, Abbas-e-Rah-e-Mahal-e-Kanal-e-Mahabad) and Ghaemshahr Suburban areas and the neighborhoods.Theoretical Framework :The hypotheses of this research are in accordance with the theories of Agnio, Park, Durkheim, Sutherland, Robert Gerg, Shaw and McKee, Cassard Wolandsey. Agnio introduces the theory of public pressure to non-criminal coping strategies like cognitive, emotional, and behavioral coping strategies (Bijark , 2010; Jalili, 2010). According to Durkheim’s anomic theory, the tendency of marginalized people to engage in deviant behaviors can be explained by the fact that society, on the one hand, promotes desirable goals and values in various ways (Endowment, 2014). Sutherland argues that individuals are exposed to criminal factors that have interests and beliefs in mind to share in the same culture (2010). According to Robert, the feeling of relative deprivation among urban poor groups increases and creates a sense of social dissatisfaction among them. Gradually, the reference group within this group changes and begins moving towards more specific goals, which are easier to achieve. According to a study conducted on 100 major American cities, Cassard and Lindsay believe that unsettled neighborhoods are areas where official statistics simultaneously reflect unbroken levels of high poverty, unemployment, social inflexibility, female-headed households, and welfare recipients. (Endowment, 2014; Babirgan & Hook, 2011)
Findings
The relationship between the two variables of marginalization and the tendency to do violence in eastern Mazandaran and the intensity of correlation obtained, which is equal to 0.36, so the higher the rate of residence in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people, the higher the tendency to do violence.There is a significant positive correlation between the two variables of marginalization and the tendency to use alcohol in eastern Mazandaran. Due to the strong correlation obtained, which is equal to 0.21, the higher the rate of living in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people, the greater the tendency to use alcohol is likely to be.Due to the significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and the tendency to use lawlessness in eastern Mazandaran and the intensity of correlation obtained, which is equal to 0.34; therefore as the rate of living in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people increases, the lawlessness among individuals increases aswell. Since there is a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and insecurity in East Mazandaran, the intensity of the correlation obtained is equal to 0.30.The existence of a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and mental disorders in eastern Mazandaran and the intensity of correlation obtained equal to 0.33 shows that as the rate of residence in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people goes up, the rate of mental disorders also increases. There is also a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and social health disorder in eastern Mazandaran. The intensity of the correlation obtained is equal to 0.25. The existence of a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and addiction tendency in eastern Mazandaran and the intensity of correlation obtained is equal to 0.38, so the higher the rate of living in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people, the higher the tendency to addiction is likely to be. Considering the significant value calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.933, and since this number is greater than 0.05, there is no significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and unreliability. Therefore, the finding is in accordance with the hypothesis.According to the findings, there is no significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and social isolation, considering the significant value calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.774, and since this number is greater than 0.05, So, this hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and social alienation. The correlation obtained is 0.43, so it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and economic poverty. The intensity of the correlation obtained is 0.45, thus as the population in the marginalized areas increases and as it becomes more connected with the marginalized people, the rate of the economic poverty goes up.Due to the significant relationship between the two variables of marginalization and feeling of deprivation, the intensity of correlation was obtained, which is equal to 0.39, accordingly as the rate of living in marginalized areas and communication with marginalized people rises, the feeling of deprivation becomes greater.
Discussion
Marginalization data and its effects on society show the growth of social harms in the eastern part of Mazandaran province. This is based on the documentation of the marginalization phenomenon. Living conditions in suburban areas are such that they create special cultural conditions for them, so that on the one hand, cultural poverty and financial problems, and on the other hand, observing the lives of urban dwellers who benefit from today’s facilities, cause dissatisfaction and expansion of deprivation, and it becomes relative among these sections of society.Ethics of publishingAuthors ContributionAll authors have had efficent contribution on this article.Financial ResourcesFor publishing of this article, it hasn’t received any direct financial support of any organizations.Conflict of BenefitsThis article has no conceptional contradiction with other publications of the authors. Although it is along the author studies and research interests, it has no overlap with them.Following Principles of Research EthicsAll rights related to research ethics are followed in this article.
