بررسي ويژگي هاي بيومتري و شيميايي الياف چوب ديودال (Ammodendron Persicum) (مطالعه موردي؛ منطقه زيركوه- شهرستان قائنات، خراسان جنوبي)

Investigate of Biometric andChemical Properties of Ammodendron persicum Fibers (Case Study; Zirkouh area - Qaenat City, South Khorasan, Iran

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي ﺑﯿﺎﺑـﺎﻧﯽ از ﺳـﺎلﻫـﺎي ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ ﯾﮑـﯽ از اوﻟﻮﯾـﺖﻫـﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻟﯿـﺎف ﭼـﻮب درون و ﭼﻮبﺑﺮون ﮔﻮﻧﻪ درﺧﺘﭽﻪاي دﯾﻮدال )Ammodendron persicum( ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ آن در 5 ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻨﻪ درﺧﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﭼﻮب )ﻟﯿﮕﻨـﯿﻦ، ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﺰ و ﻫﻤـﯽﺳـﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎ( و ﺧﺎﮐﺴـﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﭼﻮب ﺗﻨﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﮔﺎزي- ﻃﯿﻒﺳـﻨﺞ ﺟﺮﻣـﯽ )-GC MS( ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻋﺼﺎره اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه از آرد ﭼﻮب ﺗﻨﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﻮل، ﻗﻄﺮ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﻔـﺮه ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﯽ و ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﯾـﻮاره اﻟﯿﺎف ﭼﻮبدرون اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4/37 ،3/37 ،12/30 ،1041/26 ﻣﯿﮑﺮون و ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻮبﺑﺮون ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 4/46 ،2/96 ،11/71 ،969/19 ﻣﯿﮑـﺮون ﺑـﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻻﻏﺮي، اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي و راﻧﮑﻞ در ارﺗﻔﺎعﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻮبدرون ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 262/02 ،27/4 ،84/1 و ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻮبﺑﺮون ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ 302/9 ،25/2 ،82/4 ﺑـﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ، ﻫﻤﯽﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻫﺎ، ﻟﯿﮕﻨﯿﻦ و ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻮب ﺗﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 24/7 ،38/9، 29/8 و 0/8 درﺻﺪ و ﺑﺮاي رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 22/7 ،29/2 ،41/6 و 2 درﺻﺪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 13 ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ در ﺗﻨﻪ و 11 ﺗﺮﮐﯿـﺐ در رﯾﺸـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎ درﺻﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ در ﭼﻮب ﺗﻨﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮاوان ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿـﺐ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در ﭼﻮب ﺗﻨﻪ، ﮐﻮزانﻫﺎ )اﯾﮑﻮزان- دوﮐﻮزان ﺗﺮي ﮐﻮزان– ﺗﺘﺮا ﮐﻮزان ﭘﻨﺘﺎ ﮐـﻮزان ﻫﮕﺰا ﮐﻮزان ﻫﭙﺘﺎ ﮐﻮزان( و در ﭼﻮب رﯾﺸﻪ اﮐﺘﺎ دﮐﺎن آﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان 40 و 16/16 درﺻﺪ از ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮاد اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻟﯿـﺎف و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دﯾﻮدال ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ارزﺷـﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارزش اﻓﺰوده زﯾﺎد از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮد.

Investigation the potential of cellulosic resources was one of the research priorities of our country from the past. In this study, morphological properties of Ammodendron persicum tree stem was done in 5 different heights. Also main wood polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses) and ash in stem, also gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of chemical extracted compounds from wood four of stem and woody roots of this species performed. According to measurements average length, fibers diameter, lumen diameter and wall thickness of heart wood was 1041.26, 12.30, 3.37 and 4.37 µm, respectively. About sapwood this numbers are 969.19, 11.71, 2.96 and 4.46 µm. slenderness, flexibility and Runkel ratios of fibers was 84.1, 27.4 and 262.02 for heart wood and 82.4, 25.2 and 302.9 for sapwood. The results indicate that these fibers are very narrow pore diameter and thick cell wall is capable. The amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash for trunks wood were 38.9, 24.7, 29.8 and 0.88% respectively, and for root, were 41.6, 29.2, 24.7 and 2%, respectively. Overall, 13 compound in the trunk and 11 compound were identified at the root, with varying percentages in the trunk and root wood. The most abundant compounds in the trunk of the Docosane (icosane - Docosane - Tricosane - Tetra- Tricosane-Pentacosane -Hexacosane -Heptacosane). In the root wood, Octadecene compound respectively by 40 % and 16.16 % of total extractives was observed. It can be concluded that the fibers and chemical compositions of the Ammodendron persicum species can be valuable in terms of economic aspects and can be optimized by converting them into high value added products.