ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي

Ethnobotanical Study of some Medicinal Plants of Shazand City in Markazi Province, Iran

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻋﻠﻢ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﻓﺮاد ﯾﮏ ﻗﻮم، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺧﺎص از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دارو، ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدﻣﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ﻗﺮنﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺎدي در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ داﻧﺶ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در ﮐﺸﻒ داروﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﻃﺐ ﻣﺪرن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺳﻨﺘﯽ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي، ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ﻧﺎم ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ، اﻧﺪام ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﻧﺤﻮهِ ﻣﺼﺮف راﯾﺞ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 56 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 23 ﺗﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ در درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﮔﻮارﺷﯽ، آرامﺑﺨﺶ، اﻟﺘﯿﺎمدﻫﻨﺪهي زﺧﻢ، ﻣﻘﻮي ﻣﻌﺪه، ﻣﺴﮑﻦ اﻧﻮاع دردﻫﺎ و اﻟﺘﻬﺎبﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮارد دﯾﮕﺮ در ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي دﻗﯿﻖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري ﻗﺮار داد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﺎزﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ 56 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﯽ ﻏﻨﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﻄﺮ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ از ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Background: Ethnobotany is the study of a regionchr('39')s plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. Traditional plant usage for medicinal purposes is a main part of indigenous people culture which has been formed during centuries in rural area. This knowledge has played important role in the development of new drugs on the modern medicine. Objective: The present study was conducted with the purpose of introducing the traditional usage of medicinal plants of Shazand city for medicinal purposes. Methods: The data were collected through field surveys, face-to face interviews with local botanist and documentary studies. After samples collection, plant species were identified and local name, life form, therapeutic characteristics, used plant organs, routes of administration were gathered. Results: In this study, 56 plant species belong to 23 families were identified. The most frequently used plant was as comforting, healing wounds, stomach tonic, painkiller and anti-inflammation and other use in traditional medicine that they can be exploited with careful planning and management. Conclusion: Shazand with 56 medicinal plant species is considered a rich source of these valuable plant; and this provide suitable field to increase the area under cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants, afterwards to reduce wild-harvesting medicinal plants from natural areas.