تأثير پيش تيمار بذر با نانو سيليكون بر صفات مورفوفيزيولوژيكي، ميزان كوئرستين و ظرفيت آنتي اكسيداني گياه دارويي هميشه بهار (.Calendula officinalis L) در شرايط تنش خشكي

Effect of Seed Priming with Nanosilicon on Morpho-Physiological Characterestics, Quercetin Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Calendula officinalis L. under Drought Stress Conditions

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن دوﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در زﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻟﻘﺎ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻓﻨﻞ و ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻮﺋﺮﺳﺘﯿﻦ و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺑﻬﺎر ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )75 ،50 ،25 و 100 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ( اﺟﺮا و از ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن )200 ،100 ،0 و 500 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎده ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺬر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار )0/05 < P( ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﺗﻨﺶ 25 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ 50 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻮﺋﺮﺳﺘﯿﻦ داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﮐﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ذرات ﺳﻠﯿﮑﻮن در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 200 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر( در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ 25 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻢ )200 - 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )50 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ( ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪﺑﻬﺎر را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ

Background: Silicon is the second most structural element in the earth, which in plants, in induces physiological processes and causes resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well. Objective: The effect of seed priming with nanosilicon under different levels of drought stress on morphological, physiological, total phenol and flavonoid contents, quercetin levels and antioxidant capacity of the Calendula officinalis L. Method: This study was conducted as factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under four levels of drought stress (25, 50, 75 and 100 %FC), and different concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 500 mg/L) of silicon nanoparticles was considered as seed priming treatment. Results: The results showed that drought stress levels and seed priming with nanosilicon at the various concentrations caused significant changes (P < 0.05) on measured traits of plant. The highest antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was observed in plants pretreated with nanosilicone at 200 mg/L under 25 %FC. Drought stress at moderate level (50 %FC) along with seed priming with nanosilicone at 100 mg /L had the highest effect on quercetin content. Furthermore, the highest and the lowest content of total flavonoid was observed in plants pretreated with silicon nanoparticles at 200 mg/L and control (without priming) under drought stress at 25 %FC, respectively. Conclusion: Applicationof nanosilicone at lower concentrations (100-200 mg/L) and drought stress at 50 %FC may improve plant physiological and metabolite indices in marigold.